2011 ACCF/AHA focused update of the guideline for the management of patients with peripheral artery disease (Updating the 2005 guideline)

published online Sep 29, 2011; J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. J. White, John V. White, and R. Eugene Zierler Michael R. Jaff, Gregory L. Moneta, Jeffrey W. Olin, James C. Stanley, Christopher Laura K. Findeiss, Jafar Golzarian, Heather L. Gornik, Jonathan L. Halperin, W. Rooke, Alan T. Hirsch, Sanjay Misra, Anton N. Sidawy, Joshua A. Beckman, Radiology, Society for Vascular Medicine, and Society for Vascular Surgery, Thom Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Interventional Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease (Updating the 2005 Guideline): A 2011 ACCF/AHA Focused Update of the Guideline for the Management of This information is current as of October 12, 2011 http://content.onlinejacc.org/cgi/content/full/j.jacc.2011.08.023v1 located on the World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is

[1]  R. Lassila,et al.  Cigarette smoking and the outcome after lower limb arterial surgery. , 1988, Acta chirurgica Scandinavica.

[2]  A. M. Kupinski Segmental Pressure Measurement and Plethysmography , 2002 .

[3]  R. D'Agostino,et al.  Stent revascularization for the prevention of cardiovascular and renal events among patients with renal artery stenosis and systolic hypertension: rationale and design of the CORAL trial. , 2006, American heart journal.

[4]  E. Bernstein,et al.  Toe pulse reappearance time in prediction of aortofemoral bypass success. , 1981, Annals of surgery.

[5]  R. Langer,et al.  The Correlation between Symptoms and Non-Invasive Test Results in Patients Referred for Peripheral Arterial Disease Testing , 1996, Vascular medicine.

[6]  Rodney A. White,et al.  ACC/AHA 2005 Practice Guidelines for the management of patients with peripheral arterial disease (lower extremity, renal, mesenteric, and abdominal aortic): a collaborative report from the American Association for Vascular Surgery/Society for Vascular Surgery, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography , 2006, Circulation.

[7]  L. Stead,et al.  Mecamylamine (a nicotine antagonist) for smoking cessation. , 1998, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[8]  Deepak L. Bhatt,et al.  Patients with prior myocardial infarction, stroke, or symptomatic peripheral arterial disease in the CHARISMA trial. , 2007, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[9]  Jason Gong,et al.  Efficacy of Varenicline, an 42 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Partial Agonist, vs Placebo or Sustained-Release Bupropion for Smoking Cessation A Randomized Controlled Trial , 2006 .

[10]  C. Knight,et al.  The cost-effectiveness of an extended course (12+12 weeks) of varenicline compared with other available smoking cessation strategies in the United States: an extension and update to the BENESCO model. , 2010, Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research.

[11]  A. Gottsäter,et al.  Revascularisation of renal artery stenosis caused by fibromuscular dysplasia: effects on blood pressure during 7-year follow-up are influenced by duration of hypertension and branch artery stenosis , 2005, Journal of Human Hypertension.

[12]  K. Johnston,et al.  Reproducibility of noninvasive vascular laboratory measurements of the peripheral circulation. , 1987, Journal of vascular surgery.

[13]  Aker,et al.  A controlled trial of sustained-release bupropion, a nicotine patch, or both for smoking cessation. , 1999, The New England journal of medicine.

[14]  N. Rigotti,et al.  Efficacy of varenicline, an alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist, vs placebo or sustained-release bupropion for smoking cessation: a randomized controlled trial. , 2006, JAMA.

[15]  M. Law,et al.  An analysis of the effectiveness of interventions intended to help people stop smoking. , 1995, Archives of internal medicine.

[16]  L. Molyneaux,et al.  TBI or not TBI: that is the question. Is it better to measure toe pressure than ankle pressure in diabetic patients? , 2001, Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association.

[17]  Deepak L. Bhatt,et al.  Patients with peripheral arterial disease in the CHARISMA trial. , 2008, European heart journal.

[18]  J. Gundersen Segmental measurements of systolic blood pressure in the extremities including the thumb and the great toe. , 1972, Acta chirurgica Scandinavica. Supplementum.

[19]  P. Sandercock,et al.  Aspirin for prevention of cardiovascular events in a general population screened for a low ankle brachial index: a randomized controlled trial. , 2010, JAMA.

[20]  Simon G Thompson,et al.  Endovascular repair of aortic aneurysm in patients physically ineligible for open repair. , 2010, The New England journal of medicine.

[21]  R. Bergström,et al.  Cessation of smoking in patients with intermittent claudication. Effects on the risk of peripheral vascular complications, myocardial infarction and mortality. , 2009, Acta medica Scandinavica.

[22]  R. Peto,et al.  Prevention of serious vascular events by aspirin amongst patients with peripheral arterial disease: randomized, double‐blind trial , 2007, Journal of internal medicine.

[23]  A Manca,et al.  The UK Endovascular Aneurysm Repair (EVAR) trials: design, methodology and progress. , 2004, European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery : the official journal of the European Society for Vascular Surgery.

[24]  S. Rennard,et al.  Varenicline, an alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist, vs sustained-release bupropion and placebo for smoking cessation: a randomized controlled trial. , 2006, JAMA.

[25]  R. Tate,et al.  Value of toe pulse waves in addition to systolic pressures in the assessment of the severity of peripheral arterial disease and critical limb ischemia. , 1996, Journal of vascular surgery.

[26]  F. Fowkes,et al.  The measurement of atherosclerotic peripheral arterial disease in epidemiological surveys. , 1988, International journal of epidemiology.

[27]  Joseph C. Cappelleri,et al.  Effect of varenicline and bupropion SR on craving, nicotine withdrawal symptoms, and rewarding effects of smoking during a quit attempt , 2008, Psychopharmacology.

[28]  Predictors of initial smoking cessation and relapse through the first 2 years of the Lung Health Study. , 1995, Journal of consulting and clinical psychology.

[29]  P. Peduzzi,et al.  Outcomes following endovascular vs open repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm: a randomized trial. , 2009, JAMA.

[30]  Mark J Sculpher,et al.  Endovascular versus Open Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm , 2011 .

[31]  R. Ivatury,et al.  A reassessment of Doppler pressure indices in the detection of arterial lesions in proximity penetrating injuries of extremities: a prospective study. , 1996, The American journal of emergency medicine.

[32]  John V. White,et al.  ACC/AHA 2005 Practice Guidelines for the management of patients with peripheral arterial disease (lower extremity, renal, mesenteric, and abdominal aortic): a collaborative report from the American Association for Vascular Surgery/Society for Vascular Surgery, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography , 2006, Circulation.

[33]  S. Yusuf,et al.  Oral anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy and peripheral arterial disease. , 2007, The New England journal of medicine.

[34]  A. Gardner The Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Exercise Capacity in Patients with Intermittent Claudication , 1996, Vascular medicine.

[35]  L. Norgren,et al.  Inter-Society Consensus for the Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease (TASC II). , 2007, Journal of vascular surgery.

[36]  S. Mohiuddin,et al.  Intensive smoking cessation intervention reduces mortality in high-risk smokers with cardiovascular disease. , 2007, Chest.

[37]  A Hofman,et al.  Ankle brachial index combined with Framingham Risk Score to predict cardiovascular events and mortality: a meta-analysis. , 2008, JAMA.

[38]  L. Cotton,et al.  The measured effect of stopping smoking on intermittent claudication , 1982, The British journal of surgery.

[39]  Patrice Cacoub,et al.  Clopidogrel and aspirin versus aspirin alone for the prevention of atherothrombotic events. , 2006, The New England journal of medicine.

[40]  Harald Darius,et al.  Mortality and Vascular Morbidity in Older Adults With Asymptomatic Versus Symptomatic Peripheral Artery Disease , 2009, Circulation.

[41]  S. Duval,et al.  Effectiveness of a smoking cessation program for peripheral artery disease patients: a randomized controlled trial. , 2010, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[42]  D S Sumner,et al.  Toe blood pressure. A valuable adjunct to ankle pressure measurement for assessing peripheral arterial disease. , 1983, The Journal of cardiovascular surgery.

[43]  J. Forbes,et al.  Bypass versus angioplasty in severe ischaemia of the leg (BASIL): multicentre, randomised controlled trial , 2005, The Lancet.

[44]  Deepak L. Bhatt,et al.  Clopidogrel added to aspirin versus aspirin alone in secondary prevention and high-risk primary prevention: rationale and design of the Clopidogrel for High Atherothrombotic Risk and Ischemic Stabilization, Management, and Avoidance (CHARISMA) trial. , 2004, American heart journal.

[45]  M. Roizen Aspirin for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials , 2010 .

[46]  David Gonzales,et al.  Varenicline, an α4β2 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Partial Agonist, vs Sustained-Release Bupropion and Placebo for Smoking Cessation: A Randomized Controlled Trial , 2006 .

[47]  D. Clement A randomised, blinded, trial of Clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE) , 1996 .

[48]  Scott A Berceli,et al.  Results of PREVENT III: a multicenter, randomized trial of edifoligide for the prevention of vein graft failure in lower extremity bypass surgery. , 2006, Journal of vascular surgery.

[49]  M. Criqui,et al.  Peripheral arterial disease detection, awareness, and treatment in primary care. , 2001, JAMA.

[50]  Erik Buskens,et al.  Two-year outcomes after conventional or endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms. , 2005, The New England journal of medicine.

[51]  J. Forbes,et al.  Bypass versus Angioplasty in Severe Ischaemia of the Leg (BASIL) trial: An intention-to-treat analysis of amputation-free and overall survival in patients randomized to a bypass surgery-first or a balloon angioplasty-first revascularization strategy. , 2010, Journal of vascular surgery.

[52]  David Schultz,et al.  A randomised, blinded, trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE) , 1996, The Lancet.

[53]  P. Macfarlane,et al.  The prevention of progression of arterial disease and diabetes (POPADAD) trial: factorial randomised placebo controlled trial of aspirin and antioxidants in patients with diabetes and asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease , 2008, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[54]  R. Langer,et al.  Screening for peripheral arterial disease: the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of noninvasive tests in a defined population. , 1994, American journal of epidemiology.

[55]  J. Allenberg,et al.  High prevalence of peripheral arterial disease and co-morbidity in 6880 primary care patients: cross-sectional study. , 2004, Atherosclerosis.

[56]  P. Arkkila Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases BioMed Central Review Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) , 2006 .

[57]  S. Woolf,et al.  Effect on Cessation Counseling of Documenting Smoking Status as a Routine Vital Sign: An ACORN Study , 2008, The Annals of Family Medicine.

[58]  S. Carter Clinical measurement of systolic pressures in limbs with arterial occlusive disease. , 1969, JAMA.

[59]  R. Anziano,et al.  Long-term fatty fish consumption and renal cell carcinoma incidence in women. , 2006, JAMA.

[60]  A. Nicolaides,et al.  The value of segmental pressure measurement in the assessment of peripheral vascular disease. , 1986, International angiology : a journal of the International Union of Angiology.

[61]  Catherine Sudlow,et al.  Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients , 2002, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[62]  J. Beckman,et al.  Statins are independently associated with reduced mortality in patients undergoing infrainguinal bypass graft surgery for critical limb ischemia. , 2008, Journal of Vascular Surgery.

[63]  R. Tate,et al.  The value of toe pulse waves in determination of risks for limb amputation and death in patients with peripheral arterial disease and skin ulcers or gangrene. , 2001, Journal of vascular surgery.

[64]  Diederick E Grobbee,et al.  Long-term outcome of open or endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm. , 2010, The New England journal of medicine.

[65]  R. J. Valentine,et al.  Operative mortality for renal artery bypass in the United States: Results from the National Inpatient Sample. , 2008, Journal of vascular surgery.

[66]  A. House,et al.  The effect of cessation of smoking on the accumulative survival rates of patients with symptomatic peripheral vascular disease , 1983, The Medical journal of Australia.