ZnO Metal Oxide Semiconductor in Surface Acoustic Wave Sensors: A Review

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) gas sensors are of continuous development interest to researchers due to their sensitivity, short detection time, and reliability. Among the most used materials to achieve the sensitive film of SAW sensors are metal oxide semiconductors, which are highlighted by thermal and chemical stability, by the presence on their surface of free electrons and also by the possibility of being used in different morphologies. For different types of gases, certain metal oxide semiconductors are used, and ZnO is an important representative for this category of materials in the field of sensors. Having a great potential for the development of SAW sensors, the discussion related to the development of the sensitivity of metal oxide semiconductors, especially ZnO, by the synthesis method or by obtaining new materials, is suitable and necessary to have an overview of the latest results in this domain.

[1]  Franz L. Dickert,et al.  Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) for Chemical Sensing Applications of Recognition Layers † , 2017, Sensors.

[2]  R. Adelung,et al.  Three‐Dimensional SnO2 Nanowire Networks for Multifunctional Applications: From High‐Temperature Stretchable Ceramics to Ultraresponsive Sensors , 2015 .

[3]  Vinay Gupta,et al.  Growth of highly porous ZnO nanostructures for carbon monoxide gas sensing , 2017, Surface and Coatings Technology.

[4]  Yongcai Guo,et al.  The impact of carrier gas on room-temperature trace nitrogen dioxide sensing of ZnO nanowire-integrated film under UV illumination , 2020, Ceramics International.

[5]  C. Campbell.  Applications of surface acoustic and shallow bulk acoustic wave devices , 1989, Proc. IEEE.

[6]  O. Urper,et al.  Effect of Al concentration on optical parameters of ZnO thin film derived by Sol-Gel dip coating technique , 2020 .

[7]  Ana-Maria Gurban,et al.  Enhanced Sensitive Love Wave Surface Acoustic Wave Sensor Designed for Immunoassay Formats , 2015, Sensors.

[8]  R. Yousefi,et al.  High acetic acid sensing performance of Mg-doped ZnO/rGO nanocomposites , 2019, Ceramics International.

[9]  Wen Wang,et al.  Enhanced Sensitivity of a Hydrogen Sulfide Sensor Based on Surface Acoustic Waves at Room Temperature , 2018, Sensors.

[10]  Dongxiang Zhou,et al.  A surface acoustic wave H2S gas sensor employing nanocrystalline SnO2 thin film , 2013 .

[11]  E. Fortunato,et al.  Synthesis of Long ZnO Nanorods under Microwave Irradiation or Conventional Heating , 2014 .

[12]  T. Seiyama,et al.  A New Detector for Gaseous Components Using Semiconductive Thin Films. , 1962 .

[13]  Yang Xu,et al.  Review on Smart Gas Sensing Technology , 2019, Sensors.

[14]  David S. Ballantine,et al.  Acoustic wave sensors : theory, design, and physico-chemical applications , 1997 .

[15]  P. Nagaraju,et al.  Effect of oxygen partial pressure on the microstructural, optical and gas sensing characterization of nanostructured Gd doped ceria thin films deposited by pulsed laser deposition , 2017 .

[16]  Rui Zhang,et al.  P-type Co3O4 nanomaterials-based gas sensor: Preparation and acetone sensing performance , 2017 .

[17]  E. Llobet,et al.  Gas sensing properties of ZnO nanostructures (flowers/rods) synthesized by hydrothermal method , 2019, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical.

[18]  Rafiq Ahmad,et al.  High response and low concentration hydrogen gas sensing properties using hollow ZnO particles transformed from polystyrene@ZnO core-shell structures , 2019, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy.

[19]  Zhihua Wang,et al.  Highly sensitive NO2 gas sensor of ppb-level detection based on In2O3 nanobricks at low temperature , 2018, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical.

[20]  Lu Wang,et al.  Surface acoustic wave ammonia sensor based on ZnO/SiO2 composite film. , 2015, Journal of hazardous materials.

[21]  Dongzhi Zhang,et al.  Nanoheterostructure construction and DFT study of Ni-doped In2O3 nanocubes/WS2 hexagon nanosheets for formaldehyde sensing at room temperature. , 2020, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[22]  Xin Jian Li,et al.  Capacitive humidity-sensing properties of ZnO nanorods/silicon nanoporous pillar array enhanced by LiCl incorporation , 2018, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical.

[23]  Zhiyong Wang,et al.  High performance hydrogen sensor based on Pd/TiO2 composite film , 2018, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy.

[24]  H. Torun,et al.  Advances in designs and mechanisms of semiconducting metal oxide nanostructures for high-precision gas sensors operated at room temperature , 2019, Materials Horizons.

[25]  Jing Liang,et al.  Tailored synthesis of CoOX thin films for catalytic application , 2015 .

[26]  Maria Dinescu,et al.  MAPLE Assembled Acetylcholinesterase–Polyethylenimine Hybrid and Multilayered Interfaces for Toxic Gases Detection , 2018, Sensors.

[27]  Dongsheng Xu,et al.  Morphological control of ZnO nanostructures by electrodeposition. , 2005, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[28]  David W. Greve,et al.  SAW Sensors for Chemical Vapors and Gases , 2017, Sensors.

[29]  Dongzhi Zhang,et al.  Hierarchical nanoheterostructure of tungsten disulfide nanoflowers doped with zinc oxide hollow spheres: Benzene gas sensing properties and first-principles study. , 2019, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[30]  Fatma Sarf.  Metal Oxide Gas Sensors by Nanostructures , 2019, Gas Sensors.

[31]  Xuejin Li,et al.  Enhanced acetone-sensing properties to ppb detection level using Au/Pd-doped ZnO nanorod , 2020 .

[32]  K. Gopalakrishnan,et al.  Preparation and characterization of Cd-doped ZnO thin films by spin coating method , 2017 .

[33]  Sung-Pil Chang,et al.  Effect of structure morphologies on hydrogen gas sensing by ZnO nanotubes , 2018, Materials Letters.

[34]  Ying Chen,et al.  Preparation of highly transparent conductive aluminum-doped zinc oxide thin films using a low-temperature aqueous solution process for thin-film solar cells applications , 2019 .

[35]  Farid Kadri,et al.  Detecting Abnormal Ozone Measurements With a Deep Learning-Based Strategy , 2018, IEEE Sensors Journal.

[36]  X. Liu,et al.  A high performance methanol gas sensor based on palladium-platinum-In2O3 composited nanocrystalline SnO2 , 2016 .

[37]  Cristian Viespe,et al.  Laser-grown ZnO nanowires for room-temperature SAW-sensor applications , 2015 .

[38]  J. Iqbal,et al.  Doping Induced Tailoring in the Morphology, Band-Gap and Ferromagnetic Properties of Biocompatible ZnO Nanowires, Nanorods and Nanoparticles , 2014 .

[39]  Dongzhi Zhang,et al.  High sensitivity portable capacitive humidity sensor based on In2O3 nanocubes-decorated GO nanosheets and its wearable application in respiration detection , 2019, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical.

[40]  Lothar Frey,et al.  Amorphous silicon carbide thin films (a-SiC:H) deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition as protective coatings for harsh environment applications , 2011 .

[41]  Sunkuru S. Kumar,et al.  Au/Cu2O/ZnO ternary nanocomposite for low concentration NO2 gas sensing at room temperature , 2019 .

[42]  N. Jayababu,et al.  Synthesis of Y2O3-ZnO nanocomposites for the enhancement of room temperature 2-methoxyethanol gas sensing performance , 2019, Journal of Alloys and Compounds.

[43]  Kun Xu,et al.  Structural and room temperature ferromagnetic properties of Ni doped ZnO nanoparticles via low-temperature hydrothermal method , 2016 .

[44]  A. Kilic,et al.  Enhancing crystalline/optical quality, and photoluminescence properties of the Na and Sn substituted ZnS thin films for optoelectronic and solar cell applications; a comparative study , 2020 .

[45]  Chen Chen,et al.  Surface Acoustic Wave Vapor Sensor with Graphene Interdigital Transducer for TNT Detection , 2020 .

[46]  X. Liu,et al.  Macro-/nanoporous Al-doped ZnO via self-sustained decomposition of metal-organic complexes for application in degradation of Congo red , 2016 .

[47]  Dongzhi Zhang,et al.  Room temperature hydrogen gas sensor based on palladium decorated tin oxide/molybdenum disulfide ternary hybrid via hydrothermal route , 2017 .

[48]  H. Fan,et al.  3D porous flower-like ZnO microstructures loaded by large-size Ag and their ultrahigh sensitivity to ethanol , 2020 .

[49]  D. Bellet,et al.  Flexible transparent conductive materials based on silver nanowire networks: a review , 2013, Nanotechnology.

[50]  Giovanni Saggio,et al.  Advances in SAW-based gas sensors , 1997 .

[51]  Raymond E. Dessy,et al.  Surface acoustic wave probe for chemical analysis. I. Introduction and instrument description , 1979 .

[52]  L. Liau,et al.  Energy-level variations of Cu-doped ZnO fabricated through sol-gel processing , 2017 .

[53]  Amine Bermak,et al.  Dual Transduction Surface Acoustic Wave Gas Sensor for VOC Discrimination , 2018, IEEE Electron Device Letters.

[54]  D. Riley,et al.  Tunable synthesis of ordered zinc oxide nanoflower-like arrays. , 2013, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[55]  Gwiy-Sang Chung,et al.  Surface acoustic wave hydrogen sensors based on ZnO nanoparticles incorporated with a Pt catalyst , 2012 .

[56]  Y. L. Sandler,et al.  Surface Properties of Germanium , 1959 .

[57]  Jeong-Woo Choi,et al.  Electrochemical performance of gold nanoparticle-cytochrome c hybrid interface for H2O2 detection. , 2012, Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces.

[58]  Dianqing Li,et al.  Novel ultrathin mesoporous ZnO-SnO2 n-n heterojunction nanosheets with high sensitivity to ethanol , 2020 .

[59]  Massimo Zimbone,et al.  Synthesis of ZnO nanofibers by the electrospinning process , 2016 .

[60]  Monika Tomar,et al.  ZnO/ST-Quartz SAW resonator: An efficient NO2 gas sensor , 2017 .

[61]  P. Hu,et al.  Aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition of nanostructured ZnO thin films for NO2 and ethanol monitoring , 2020, Ceramics International.

[62]  Shih-Han Wang,et al.  A Room Temperature Nitric Oxide Gas Sensor Based on a Copper-Ion-Doped Polyaniline/Tungsten Oxide Nanocomposite , 2015, Sensors.

[63]  Yongqian Wang,et al.  ZnO microspheres: Controllable preparation and optical properties , 2015 .

[64]  B. Drafts.  Acoustic wave technology sensors , 2001 .

[65]  Jianzhong Ma,et al.  Morphological evolution of Fe doped sea urchin-shaped ZnO nanoparticles with enhanced photocatalytic activity , 2017 .

[66]  E. Traversa,et al.  The development of gas sensor for carbon monoxide monitoring using nanostructure of Nb–TiO2 , 2005 .

[67]  Jian Zhang,et al.  Capacitive humidity sensors based on zinc oxide nanorods grown on silicon nanowires arrays at room temperature , 2015 .

[68]  Highly sensitive, fast and reversible NO2 sensors at room-temperature utilizing nonplasmonic electrons of ZnO/Pd hybrids , 2020 .

[69]  Kaiqiang Wu,et al.  Hydrothermal synthesis and gas sensing properties of hexagonal and orthorhombic WO3 nanostructures , 2017 .

[70]  M. Busse,et al.  Hydrothermal synthesis and humidity sensing property of ZnO nanostructures and ZnO-In(OH)3 nanocomposites. , 2012, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[71]  Kerstin Länge,et al.  Bulk and Surface Acoustic Wave Sensor Arrays for Multi-Analyte Detection: A Review , 2019, Sensors.

[72]  Hui Wu,et al.  Preparation of Zinc Oxide Nanofibers by Electrospinning , 2006 .

[73]  H. Wohltjen.  Mechanism of Operation and Design Considerations for Surface Acoustic Wave Device Vapor Sensors. , 1984 .

[74]  R. Kurita,et al.  Electrochemical surface plasmon resonance measurement based on gold nanohole array fabricated by nanoimprinting technique. , 2012, Analytical chemistry.

[75]  J. Xie,et al.  A SAW hydrogen sensor based on decoration of graphene oxide by palladium nanoparticles on AIN/Si layered structure , 2019, Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering.

[76]  Po-Cheng Chou,et al.  On the Ammonia Gas Sensing Performance of a RF Sputtered NiO Thin-Film Sensor , 2015, IEEE Sensors Journal.

[77]  Erwin Maciak,et al.  SAW hydrogen gas sensor based on WO3 and Pd nanostructures , 2009 .

[78]  Mohammad Ali Mohammad,et al.  Surface acoustic wave devices for sensor applications , 2016 .

[79]  Shaibal Mukherjee,et al.  Functionalized Oligo( $p$ -Phenylenevinylene) and ZnO-Based Nanohybrid for Selective Ammonia Sensing at Room Temperature , 2019, IEEE Sensors Journal.

[80]  John Watson,et al.  Investigation of positioning of FBG sensors for smart monitoring of oil and gas subsea structures , 2016, OCEANS 2016 - Shanghai.

[81]  Wei Li,et al.  Room-Temperature Ammonia Sensor Based on ZnO Nanorods Deposited on ST-Cut Quartz Surface Acoustic Wave Devices , 2017, Sensors.

[82]  Haojie Duan,et al.  Hierarchical porous ZnO microflowers with ultra-high ethanol gas-sensing at low concentration , 2018 .

[83]  Zhiguo Wang,et al.  Hydrogen gas sensor based on mesoporous In2O3 with fast response/recovery and ppb level detection limit , 2018, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy.

[84]  Akash Roy,et al.  Electrical and optical properties of ZnO–WO3 nanocomposite and its application as a solid-state humidity sensor , 2017, Bulletin of Materials Science.

[85]  K. J. Babu,et al.  Influence of calcination temperature on the growth of electrospun multi-junction ZnO nanowires: A room temperature ammonia sensor , 2020, Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing.

[86]  R. Negrea,et al.  Akermanite-based coatings grown by pulsed laser deposition for metallic implants employed in orthopaedics , 2019, Surface and Coatings Technology.

[87]  L. Rayleigh.  On Waves Propagated along the Plane Surface of an Elastic Solid , 1885 .

[88]  N. Duim,et al.  Thin film based sensors for a continuous monitoring of hydrogen concentrations , 2012 .

[89]  Arezoo Emadi,et al.  Advanced Micro- and Nano-Gas Sensor Technology: A Review , 2019, Sensors.

[90]  Cristian Viespe,et al.  Surface Acoustic Wave Hydrogen Sensors Based on Nanostructured Pd/WO3 Bilayers , 2018, Sensors.

[91]  Yu Guo,et al.  Optimizing the gas sensing characteristics of Co-doped SnO2 thin film based hydrogen sensor , 2019, Journal of Alloys and Compounds.

[92]  T. D. Lam,et al.  Structural, optical and gas sensing properties of vertically well-aligned ZnO nanowires grown on graphene/Si substrate by thermal evaporation method , 2018, Materials Characterization.

[93]  Yibin Xu,et al.  Study on thermoelectric property optimization of mixed-phase bismuth telluride thin films deposited by co-evaporation process , 2020 .

[94]  T. Sakai,et al.  Preparation of Y-doped BaZrO3 thin film electrolyte by laser chemical vapor deposition , 2020 .

[95]  Weidong Wu,et al.  The Investigation of a SAW Oxygen Gas Sensor Operated at Room Temperature, Based on Nanostructured ZnxFeyO Films , 2019, Sensors.

[96]  X. Ma,et al.  Optical properties of ZnO and Mn-doped ZnO nanocrystals by vapor phase transport processes , 2009 .

[97]  J.D.N. Cheeke,et al.  Acoustic wave gas sensors , 1999 .

[98]  Dongzhi Zhang,et al.  Diversiform metal oxide-based hybrid nanostructures for gas sensing with versatile prospects , 2020 .

[99]  S. Navale,et al.  Ethanol sensing behavior of Pd-nanoparticles decorated ZnO-nanorod based chemiresistive gas sensors , 2019, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical.

[100]  Aurelian Marcu,et al.  Active surface geometrical control of noise in nanowire-SAW sensors , 2016 .

[101]  T. Chou,et al.  ZnO/ZnS core-shell nanostructures for hydrogen gas sensing performances , 2019, Ceramics International.

[102]  Ke Ma,et al.  Surface acoustic wave ultraviolet detector based on zinc oxide nanowire sensing layer , 2012 .

[103]  E. Fortunato,et al.  Microwave Synthesized ZnO Nanorod Arrays for UV Sensors: A Seed Layer Annealing Temperature Study , 2016, Materials.

[104]  P. Patil,et al.  Construction of Cu doped ZnO nanorods by chemical method for Low temperature detection of NO2 gas , 2019, Sensors and Actuators A: Physical.

[105]  Qingdan Wu,et al.  Synthesis and acetone gas sensing properties of Ag activated hollow sphere structured ZnFe2O4 , 2018, Ceramics International.

[106]  Yan-Li Shang,et al.  A facile controllable self-assembly of 3D elliptical ZnO microspheres from 1D nanowires for effective detection of acetone , 2020 .

[107]  Tingting Lin,et al.  Semiconductor Metal Oxides as Chemoresistive Sensors for Detecting Volatile Organic Compounds , 2019, Sensors.

[108]  Yongjiao Sun,et al.  Highly sensitive and ultra-fast gas sensor based on CeO2-loaded In2O3 hollow spheres for ppb-level hydrogen detection , 2018 .

[109]  Adrian C. Stevenson,et al.  Gigahertz surface acoustic wave probe for chemical analysis , 2001 .

[110]  Xinyi Chen,et al.  Optical properties of amorphous Ta2O5 thin films deposited by RF magnetron sputtering , 2019, Optical Materials.

[111]  Xiaobo Qiu,et al.  Pipeline Leak Detection by Using Time-Domain Statistical Features , 2017, IEEE Sensors Journal.

[112]  Ananya Dey,et al.  Semiconductor metal oxide gas sensors: A review , 2018 .

[113]  Mahesh Kumar,et al.  PAN/(PAN-b-PMMA) derived nanoporous carbon nanofibers loaded on ZnO nanostructures for hydrogen detection , 2019, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical.

[114]  C. Viespe,et al.  Development of Pd/TiO2 Porous Layers by Pulsed Laser Deposition for Surface Acoustic Wave H2 Gas Sensor , 2020, Nanomaterials.

[115]  Mohd Nizar Hamidon,et al.  Sensing Materials for Surface Acoustic Wave Chemical Sensors , 2016 .

[116]  W. Liu,et al.  A fast response & recovery H2S gas sensor based on α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles with ppb level detection limit. , 2015, Journal of hazardous materials.

[117]  M. Debliquy,et al.  Metal oxide semiconductors with highly concentrated oxygen vacancies for gas sensing materials: A review , 2020 .

[118]  A. Agarwal,et al.  Development of indium doped ZnO thin films for highly sensitive acetylene (C2H2) gas sensing , 2020 .

[119]  Hyun‐Seok Kim,et al.  Synthesis and characterization of ZnO nanoflakes anchored carbon nanoplates for antioxidant and anticancer activity in MCF7 cell lines. , 2019, Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications.

[120]  E. Kaidashev,et al.  A surface acoustic wave impedance-loaded high sensitivity sensor with wide dynamic range for ultraviolet light detection , 2019, Sensors and Actuators A: Physical.

[121]  C. Zhi,et al.  In situ doping and synthesis of two-dimensional nanomaterials using mechano-chemistry , 2019, Nanoscale Horizons.

[122]  M. Takeuchi,et al.  Applications for piezoelectric leaky surface waves , 1990, IEEE Symposium on Ultrasonics.

[123]  H. M. Widmer,et al.  Surface acoustic wave gas sensors: developments in the chemical industry , 1992 .

[124]  Franz L. Dickert,et al.  SAW and Functional Polymers , 2013 .

[125]  Z. Zhang,et al.  Controllable synthesis of Co3O4 crossed nanosheet arrays toward an acetone gas sensor , 2017 .

[126]  G. Neri,et al.  High Performance CO Gas Sensor Based on ZnO Nanoparticles , 2020, Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials.

[127]  Nelsa Abraham,et al.  Simulation studies on the responses of ZnO-CuO/CNT nanocomposite based SAW sensor to various volatile organic chemicals , 2019, Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices.

[128]  B. Vasile,et al.  Development of Vitroceramic Coatings and Analysis of Their Suitability for Biomedical Applications , 2019, Coatings.

[129]  G. Qiao,et al.  Sharply-precipitated spherical assembly of ZnO nanosheets for low temperature H2S gas sensing performances , 2019, Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing.

[130]  Pengfei Zhou,et al.  Highly selective NO2 sensor based on p-type nanocrystalline NiO thin films prepared by sol–gel dip coating , 2018 .

[131]  Zhigang Zang,et al.  Enhanced fluorescence imaging performance of hydrophobic colloidal ZnO nanoparticles by a facile method , 2015 .

[132]  C. Sanjeeviraja,et al.  Tuning the morphology of Cr2O3:CuO (50:50) thin films by RF magnetron sputtering for room temperature sensing application , 2019, Applied Surface Science.

[133]  Cunlong Li,et al.  Enhanced photoresponse of self-powered perovskite photodetector based on ZnO nanoparticles decorated CsPbBr3 films , 2017 .

[134]  Nicola Donato,et al.  CO sensing properties of Ga-doped ZnO prepared by sol–gel route , 2015 .

[135]  G. Sergeev,et al.  Sensitivity, Selectivity and Stability of Gas-Sensitive Metal-Oxide Nanostructures , 2010 .

[136]  H. Pan,et al.  The growth of urchin-like Co3O4 directly on sensor substrate and its gas sensing properties , 2017 .

[137]  Bo Liu,et al.  Synthesis of Co3O4/ZnO nano-heterojunctions by one-off processing ZIF-8@ZIF-67 and their gas-sensing performances for trimethylamine , 2020 .

[138]  S. Shi,et al.  High temperature CO2 sensing and its cross-sensitivity towards H2 and CO gas using calcium doped ZnO thin film coated langasite SAW sensor , 2019 .

[139]  S. Harish,et al.  Growth and influence of Gd doping on ZnO nanostructures for enhanced optical, structural properties and gas sensing applications , 2020 .

[140]  Lei Zhang,et al.  Fabrication of new C/ZnO/ZnO composite material and their enhanced gas sensing properties , 2018, Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing.

[141]  X. Zu,et al.  ZnO-Al2O3 nanocomposite as a sensitive layer for high performance surface acoustic wave H2S gas sensor with enhanced elastic loading effect , 2020, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical.

[142]  H. Asadi,et al.  DFT study of the effect of platinum on the H2 gas sensing performance of ZnO nanotube: Explaining the experimental observations , 2020 .

[143]  C. Imawan,et al.  The enhanced performance of capacitive-type humidity sensors based on ZnO nanorods/WS2 nanosheets heterostructure , 2020 .

[144]  Xiran Li,et al.  Folic acid mediated synthesis of hierarchical ZnO micro-flower with improved gas sensing properties , 2020, Advanced Powder Technology.

[145]  Izabela Constantinoiu,et al.  Surface Acoustic Wave Sensors for Ammonia Detection at Room Temperature Based on SnO2/Co3O4 Bilayers , 2019, J. Sensors.

[146]  Raymond E. Dessy,et al.  Surface acoustic wave probes for chemical analysis. II. Gas chromatography detector , 1979 .

[147]  H. Kohler,et al.  Miniaturized Single Chip Arrangement of a Wheatstone Bridge Based Calorimetric Gas Sensor , 2018 .

[148]  Amir Manbachi,et al.  Development and Application of Piezoelectric Materials for Ultrasound Generation and Detection , 2011 .

[149]  Izabela Constantinoiu,et al.  Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds Using Surface Acoustic Wave Sensor Based on Nanoparticles Incorporated in Polymer , 2019, Coatings.

[150]  G. Arivazhagan,et al.  Structural and optical properties of Mn doped ZnO nanoparticles prepared by co-precipitation method , 2019 .

[151]  Aurelian Marcu,et al.  Surface Acoustic Wave Sensors for Hydrogen and Deuterium Detection , 2017, Sensors.

[152]  T. Fang,et al.  Characteristics of Au-doped SnO2–ZnO heteronanostructures for gas sensing applications , 2019, Vacuum.

[153]  Gang Meng,et al.  Synthesis of Monodispersedly Sized ZnO Nanowires from Randomly Sized Seeds. , 2019, Nano letters.

[154]  Aidong Li,et al.  Review—Resistive-Type Hydrogen Sensors Based on Zinc Oxide Nanostructures , 2020 .

[155]  Zili Zhang,et al.  Multilayer porous Pd-WO3 composite thin films prepared by sol-gel process for hydrogen sensing , 2020 .

[156]  W. Jakubik,et al.  Surface acoustic wave-based gas sensors , 2011 .

[157]  Junjing Zhou,et al.  The investigation of hydrogen gas sensing properties of SAW gas sensor based on palladium surface modified SnO2 thin film , 2017 .

[158]  R. Yousefi,et al.  High performance of methanol gas sensing of ZnO/PAni nanocomposites synthesized under different magnetic field , 2019, Journal of Alloys and Compounds.

[159]  Jin Hyeok Kim,et al.  Fabrication of nanostructured ZnO thin films based NO2 gas sensor via SILAR technique , 2017 .

[160]  L. M. Dorozhkin,et al.  Acoustic Wave Chemical Sensors for Gases , 2001 .

[161]  R. Yousefi,et al.  Acetic acid sensing of Mg-doped ZnO thin films fabricated by the sol–gel method , 2018, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics.

[162]  G. N. Rao,et al.  Synthesis, characterization and optical properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles , 2013, International Nano Letters.

[163]  William J. Buttner,et al.  Test methodologies for hydrogen sensor performance assessment: Chamber vs. flow-through test apparatus , 2018, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy.

[164]  F. V. Motta,et al.  Connecting theory with experiment to understand the photocatalytic activity of CuO–ZnO heterostructure , 2020, Ceramics International.

[165]  Simple one-pot synthesis of hexagonal ZnO nanoplates as anode material for lithium-ion batteries , 2016 .