Optimizing LED Lighting in Controlled Environment Agriculture

Supplemental lighting is often needed in controlled environment agriculture to produce high-quality crops. The cost of the electricity needed to provide this lighting can be high. Light emitting diodes (LEDs) provide unique, new opportunities to reduce the cost of supplemental lighting. Compared to high-intensity discharge lights, and specifically high-pressure sodium lights, LEDs offer much better spectral and intensity control. Although most of the past work has focused on the effect of the light spectrum on plant growth, morphology, and physiology, there has been little work on determining the optimal light levels. The cost-effectiveness of photosynthetic lighting can be increased by assuring that the provided light is used efficiently by the crop. This requires an in-depth understanding of both the optimal spectrum for photosynthesis and photosynthetic responses to different light levels. Integrating this information into real-time control systems allows for the development of automated approaches in order to provide light in the most cost-effective manner possible.

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