Direct Electrical Communication between Chemically Modified Enzymes and Metal Electrodes: III. Electron-Transfer Relay Modified Glucose Oxidase and D-Amino-Acid Oxidase

Electrical communications between enzymes and metal electrodes is an element in the bridging of electronics and biochemistry and is of specific relevance to the electrochemical assay of biochemicals. In such assays, the enzyme is usually first reduced by the substrate, then is reoxidized either directly at an electrode1, or indirectly by oxygen or a diffusing redox mediator2-30. Electrochemical or chemical assays of the oxygen consumed, or of the hydrogen peroxide or reduced mediator products, serve in amperometric2–30 or colorimetric31,32 assays of substrates such as glucose and cholesterol.

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