Vocoders: Analysis and synthesis of speech

Techniques for analysis and synthesis of speech signals are reviewed with emphasis on vocoders and related devices for more efficient transmission and storage of speech. Selected applications of speech coding methods as sensory aids to the handicapped are described.

[1]  J. David.  Signal Theory in Speech Transmission , 1956 .

[2]  Franklin S. Cooper,et al.  Peakpicker: A Band‐Width Compression Device , 1957 .

[3]  A. Noll.  Short‐Time Spectrum and “Cepstrum” Techniques for Vocal‐Pitch Detection , 1964 .

[4]  J. Daguet,et al.  Speech compression CODIMEX system , 1963 .

[5]  Manfred R. Schroeder.  On the Separation and Measurement of Formant Frequencies , 1956 .

[6]  Bruce P. Bogert.  The Vobanc—A Two‐to‐One Speech Band‐Width Reduction System , 1956 .

[7]  Pierre Marcou,et al.  Une nouvelle méthode de transmission de la parole , 1956 .

[8]  Gunnar Fant,et al.  Acoustic Theory Of Speech Production , 1960 .

[9]  Max V. Mathews,et al.  A linear coding for transmitting a set of correlated signals , 1956, IRE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[10]  Norbert Wiener,et al.  Extrapolation, Interpolation, and Smoothing of Stationary Time Series , 1964 .

[11]  J. Flanagan,et al.  Difference limen for formant amplitude. , 1957, The Journal of speech and hearing disorders.

[12]  S. Joseph Campanella,et al.  Influence of Transmission Error on Formant Coded Compressed Speech Signals , 1961 .

[13]  A J PRESTIGIACOMO.  Plastic-tape sound spectrograph. , 1957, The Journal of speech and hearing disorders.

[14]  M. Schroeder,et al.  Determination of Smoothed Cross‐Sectional‐Area Functions of the Vocal Tract from Formant Frequencies , 1965 .

[15]  R. Miller.  Nature of the Vocal Cord Wave , 1956 .

[16]  Manfred R. Schroeder.  New Results Concerning Monaural Phase Sensitivity , 1959 .

[17]  P. B. Denes.  “On‐Line” Computing in Speech Research , 1965 .

[18]  A. J. Prestigiacomo.  Amplitude Contour Display of Sound Spectrograms , 1962 .

[19]  Caldwell P. Smith.  Voice‐Communications Method, Using Pattern Matching for Data Compression , 1963 .

[20]  Cecil H. Coker.  Real‐Time Formant Vocoder, Using a Filter Bank, a General‐Purpose Digital Computer, and an Analog Synthesizer , 1965 .

[21]  E. David,et al.  Voice-excited vocoders for practical speech bandwidth reduction , 1962, IRE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[22]  P. Denes,et al.  Spoken Digit Recognition Using Time‐Frequency Pattern Matching , 1960 .

[23]  R. Fano.  Short‐Time Autocorrelation Functions and Power Spectra , 1950 .

[24]  R. C. Mathes,et al.  Phase Effects in Monaural Perception , 1947 .

[25]  Harvey b. Fletcher,et al.  Speech and hearing in communication , 1953 .

[26]  Manfred R. Schroeder,et al.  New Applications of Voice‐Excitation to Vocoders , 1961 .

[27]  J. Kaiser,et al.  Design of wideband sampled-data filters , 1964 .

[28]  R. L. Milner,et al.  Improvements in the Vocoder , 1953 .

[29]  Carol Lochbaum,et al.  A block diagram compiler , 1961 .

[30]  Roger M. Golden,et al.  Improving Naturalness and Intelligibility of Helium‐Oxygen Speech, Using Vocoder Techniques , 1966 .

[31]  Manfred R. Schroeder,et al.  Correlation Techniques for Speech Bandwidth Compression , 1960 .

[32]  R. Biddulph,et al.  Differential Pitch Sensitivity of the Ear , 1931 .

[33]  Edward E. David.  Digital Simulation in Research on Human Communication , 1961, Proceedings of the IRE.

[34]  H. Fujisaki,et al.  Automatic Extraction of Fundamental Period of Speech by Auto‐Correlation Analysis and Peak Detection , 1960 .

[35]  K. Stevens,et al.  Reduction of Speech Spectra by Analysis‐by‐Synthesis Techniques , 1961 .

[36]  Homer Dudley,et al.  Automatic Recognition of Phonetic Patterns in Speech , 1958 .

[37]  Max V. Mathews,et al.  An Accurate Estimate of the Glottal Waveshape , 1961 .

[38]  S. Pruzansky.  Pattern‐Matching Procedure for Automatic Talker Recognition , 1963 .

[39]  B. Atal,et al.  Generalized Short‐Time Power Spectra and Autocorrelation Functions , 1962 .

[40]  J. L. Flanagan,et al.  PHASE VOCODER , 2008 .

[41]  John L. Kelly,et al.  An Artificial Talker Driven from a Phonetic Input , 1961 .

[42]  W. H. Huggins,et al.  A Note on Autocorrelation Analysis of Speech Sounds , 1954 .

[43]  Roger M. Golden,et al.  Digital Computer Simulation of a Sampled‐Data Voice‐Excited Vocoder , 1963 .

[44]  J. Flanagan.  Note on the Design of “Terminal‐Analog” Speech Synthesizers , 1957 .

[45]  C. H. Coker.  Computer‐Simulated Analyzer for a Formant Vocoder , 1963 .

[46]  E. S. Weibel,et al.  Measurement of the Fundamental Period of Speech Using a Delay Line , 1956 .

[47]  J. Flanagan.  A Difference Limen for Vowel Formant Frequency , 1955 .