Factors influencing the adjustment of women on global assignments

This study tests a four-factor model proposed by Caligiuri and Cascio (in press) for predicting the cross-cultural adjustment of female expatriates. The four factors tested in this paper were family support, personality characteristics, organizational support and host nationals' attitudes towards female expatriates. Structured phone interviews with thirty-eight American female expatriates from US-based companies were conducted. The responses were content analysed and regression was conducted. The results suggest company and family support are significantly related to cross-cultural adjustment. Thus, suggestions are given for future research on female expatriates using the theoretical model of social support. Practical recommendations for how to maximize the likelihood of success for women on global assignments are also given.

[1]  N. Adler Expecting international success: Female managers overseas , 1985 .

[2]  R. Kanter Work and Family in the United States: A Critical Review and Agenda for Research and Policy , 1989 .

[3]  Robert Rosenthal,et al.  Sex differences in nonverbal and verbal communication with bosses, peers, and subordinates. , 1985 .

[4]  J. Stewart Black,et al.  Cross-Cultural Training Effectiveness: A Review and a Theoretical Framework for Future Research , 1990 .

[5]  Nancy J. Adler,et al.  Women do not want international careers: And other myths about international management , 1984 .

[6]  S. Schneider,et al.  American and Japanese Expatriate Adjustment: A Psychoanalytic Perspective , 1995 .

[7]  A. Leung,et al.  The Female Expatriate Manager Experience , 1994 .

[8]  Fred E. Fiedler,et al.  The Culture Assimilator: An Approach to Cross-Cultural Training. Technical Report. , 1970 .

[9]  R. Bourhis,et al.  Power and status differentials in minority and majority group relations , 1991 .

[10]  N. Adler Competitive Frontiers: Women Managers in the Triad , 1993 .

[11]  Mark E. Mendenhall,et al.  The Dimensions of Expatriate Acculturation: A Review , 1985 .

[12]  J. Stewart Black,et al.  Work Role Transitions: A Study of American Expatriate Managers in Japan , 1988 .

[13]  Wayne F. Cascio,et al.  Can we send her there? Maximizing the success of western women on global assignments , 1998 .

[14]  Paula Phillips Carson,et al.  Social Power Bases: A Meta‐Anaiytic Examination of Interrelationships and Outcomes1 , 1993 .

[15]  A. Hede,et al.  Affirmative action in the Australian private sector: A longitudinal analysis , 1996 .

[16]  Sully Taylor,et al.  Western Women Working in Japan: Breaking Corporate Barriers , 1995 .

[17]  Michael G. Harvey,et al.  The executive family: an overlooked variable in international assignments , 1985 .

[18]  A. Stahelski,et al.  The Effects of Status Cues on Choices of Social Power and Influence Strategies , 1995 .

[19]  Gary Oddou,et al.  The overseas assignment: A practical look , 1988 .

[20]  Paula Caligiuri,et al.  Testing a theoretical model for examining the relationship between family adjustment and expatriates' work adjustment. , 1998 .

[21]  R. K. Robinson,et al.  American female expatriates and the civil rights act of 1991 : Balancing legal and business interests , 1993 .

[22]  Lynne R. Davidson,et al.  Friendship: Communication and interactional patterns in same-sex dyads , 1982 .

[23]  D R Papini,et al.  Early adolescent age and gender differences in patterns of emotional self-disclosure to parents and friends. , 1990, Adolescence.

[24]  Punnett Betty Jane,et al.  The challenge for women expatriates and spouses: some empirical evidence , 1992 .

[25]  N. Adler Women in International Management: Where are They? , 1984 .

[26]  J. Stewart Black,et al.  The Influence of the Spouse on American Expatriate Adjustment and Intent to Stay in Pacific Rim Overseas Assignments , 1989 .

[27]  J. Black,et al.  The Other Half of the Picture: Antecedents of Spouse Cross-Cultural Adjustment , 1991 .

[28]  Y. Zeira,et al.  Women Executives in MNC Subsidiaries , 1980 .

[29]  E. Sundstrom,et al.  Gender and power in organizations: A longitudinal perspective. , 1989 .

[30]  Sully Taylor,et al.  Working in Japan: Lessons from Women Expatriates , 1996 .

[31]  Nancy J. Adler,et al.  Pacific Basin Managers: A Gaijin, Not a Woman , 1987 .

[32]  P. Christopher Earley,et al.  Intercultural training for managers: A comparison of documentary and interpersonal methods , 1987 .

[33]  C. Shehan,et al.  Work and Well-Being in the Two-Person Career: Relocation Stress and Coping among Clergy Husbands and Wives , 1994 .