Prevalence of Sleep Disorders and Their Impacts on Occupational Performance: A Comparison between Shift Workers and Nonshift Workers

The consequences of sleep deprivation and sleepiness have been noted as the most important health problem in our modern society among shift workers. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of sleep disorders and their possible effects on work performance in two groups of Iranian shift workers and nonshift workers. This study was designed as a cross-sectional study. The data were collected by PSQI, Berlin questionnaire, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Insomnia Severity Index, and RLS Questionnaire. Occupational impact of different sleep disorders was detected by Occupational Impact of Sleep Disorder questionnaire. These questionnaires were filled in by 210 shift workers and 204 nonshift workers. There was no significant difference in the age, BMI, marital status, and years of employment in the two groups. Shift workers scored significantly higher in the OISD. The prevalence of insomnia, poor sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness was significantly higher in shift workers. Correlations between OISD scores and insomnia, sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness were significant. We concluded that sleep disorders should receive more attention as a robust indicator of work limitation.

[1]  T. Young,et al.  Risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea in adults. , 2004, JAMA.

[2]  S. Kyle,et al.  Insomnia and health-related quality of life. , 2010, Sleep medicine reviews.

[3]  T. Omachi,et al.  Obstructive sleep apnea: a risk factor for work disability. , 2009, Sleep.

[4]  C. Morin,et al.  Psychological and health-related quality of life factors associated with insomnia in a population-based sample. , 2007, Journal of psychosomatic research.

[5]  T. Åkerstedt,et al.  Shift work and disturbed sleep/wakefulness. , 2003, Sleep medicine reviews.

[6]  I. Bryngelsson,et al.  Insomnia and Its Relationship to Work and Health in a Working-Age Population , 2000, Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation.

[7]  U. Edéll-Gustafsson,et al.  Sleep quality and responses to insufficient sleep in women on different work shifts. , 2002, Journal of clinical nursing.

[8]  I. Deary,et al.  Effect of continuous positive airway pressure treatment on daytime function in sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome , 1994, The Lancet.

[9]  Aaas News,et al.  Book Reviews , 1893, Buffalo Medical and Surgical Journal.

[10]  T. Åkerstedt,et al.  A prospective study of fatal occupational accidents – relationship to sleeping difficulties and occupational factors , 2002, Journal of sleep research.

[11]  A. Fido,et al.  Detrimental Effects of Variable Work Shifts on Quality of Sleep, General Health and Work Performance , 2008, Medical Principles and Practice.

[12]  M. Kompier,et al.  Tossing and turning--insomnia in relation to occupational stress, rumination, fatigue, and well-being. , 2012, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[13]  B J Culliton,et al.  Health. , 1974, Science.

[14]  C. Drake,et al.  Shift work sleep disorder: prevalence and consequences beyond that of symptomatic day workers. , 2004, Sleep.

[15]  D. Léger,et al.  Societal costs of insomnia. , 2010, Sleep medicine reviews.

[16]  G. Pouryaghoub,et al.  Restless Legs Syndrome in shift workers: A cross sectional study on male assembly workers , 2009, Journal of circadian rhythms.

[17]  R. Berry,et al.  Sleep and Military Members: Emerging Issues and Nonpharmacological Intervention , 2013, Sleep disorders.

[18]  Ali Montazeri,et al.  The Epworth Sleepiness Scale: translation and validation study of the Iranian version , 2013, Sleep and Breathing.

[19]  K. Morgan,et al.  The occupational impact of sleep quality and insomnia symptoms. , 2012, Sleep medicine reviews.

[20]  B. Garrusi,et al.  Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index addendum for PTSD (PSQI-A) , 2009, Sleep and Breathing.

[21]  Lino Nobili,et al.  Sleepiness and sleep disorders in shift workers: a study on a group of italian police officers. , 2002, Sleep.

[22]  C. Morin,et al.  The economic burden of insomnia: direct and indirect costs for individuals with insomnia syndrome, insomnia symptoms, and good sleepers. , 2009, Sleep.

[23]  M. Härmä,et al.  Combined effects of shift work and life-style on the prevalence of insomnia, sleep deprivation and daytime sleepiness. , 1998, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[24]  K. Strohl,et al.  Using the Berlin Questionnaire To Identify Patients at Risk for the Sleep Apnea Syndrome , 1999, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[25]  G. G. Stokes.  "J." , 1890, The New Yale Book of Quotations.

[26]  P. Jennum,et al.  Health, social and economical consequences of sleep-disordered breathing: a controlled national study , 2011, Thorax.

[27]  Richard P Allen,et al.  Validation of the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group rating scale for restless legs syndrome. , 2003, Sleep medicine.

[28]  Lori J. Ducharme,et al.  Job stress and poor sleep quality: data from an American sample of full-time workers. , 2007, Social science & medicine.

[29]  G. Pouryaghoub,et al.  Efficacy and hypnotic effects of melatonin in shift-work nurses: double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial , 2008, Journal of circadian rhythms.

[30]  D. Léger,et al.  Socioeconomic impact of insomnia in working populations. , 2005, Industrial health.

[31]  S. Redline,et al.  Health-related quality of life and sleep-disordered breathing in children. , 2002, Sleep.

[32]  Validation of the Dutch Occupational Impact of Sleep Questionnaire (OISQ). , 2008, Industrial health.

[33]  T. Åkerstedt,et al.  Sleep Loss and Fatigue in Shift Work and Shift Work Disorder. , 2009, Sleep medicine clinics.

[34]  J. Fleetham,et al.  The impact of obstructive sleep apnea and daytime sleepiness on work limitation. , 2007, Sleep medicine.

[35]  G. Costa.  Some considerations about aging, shift work and work ability , 2005 .

[36]  T J Balkin,et al.  Does sleep fragmentation impact recuperation?A review and reanalysis , 1999, Journal of sleep research.