A new automatic algorithm to extract craniofacial measurements from fetal three‐dimensional volumes

Three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound is useful in the prenatal evaluation of fetal craniofacial structures, particularly as it provides a multiplanar view. However, an expert must designate the area of interest and the appropriate view, making measurement of fetal structures using 3D ultrasound both time‐consuming and subjective. In this study we propose an image analysis system that measures automatically and precisely the fetal craniofacial structures and evaluate its performance in the second trimester of pregnancy using a new 3D volume analysis algorithm.

[1]  Andrew W. Fitzgibbon,et al.  Direct Least Square Fitting of Ellipses , 1999, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[2]  J E Allanson,et al.  Anthropometric craniofacial pattern profiles in Down syndrome. , 1993, American journal of medical genetics.

[3]  Jan Flusser,et al.  Image registration methods: a survey , 2003, Image Vis. Comput..

[4]  Jinhua Yu,et al.  Fetal abdominal contour extraction and measurement in ultrasound images. , 2008, Ultrasound in medicine & biology.

[5]  Jürgen Weese,et al.  Automated 3-D PDM construction from segmented images using deformable models , 2003, IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging.

[6]  K. Kagan,et al.  Intra‐ and interoperator reliability of manual and semi‐automated measurement of fetal nuchal translucency by sonographers with different levels of experience , 2010, Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

[7]  R E Ward,et al.  Craniofacial variability index: a simple measure of normal and abnormal variation in the head and face. , 1998, American journal of medical genetics.

[8]  T. Strohmer,et al.  Gabor Analysis and Algorithms: Theory and Applications , 1997 .

[9]  Demetri Terzopoulos,et al.  Snakes: Active contour models , 2004, International Journal of Computer Vision.

[10]  D. Wright,et al.  Semi‐automated system for measurement of nuchal translucency thickness , 2010, Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

[11]  Olivier Ecabert,et al.  Automatic Model-Based Segmentation of the Heart in CT Images , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging.

[12]  B. Smith,et al.  Applications of pattern profile analysis to malformations of the head and face. , 1984, Radiology.

[13]  Y. Ville Semi‐automated measurement of nuchal translucency thickness: blasphemy or oblation to quality? , 2010, Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

[14]  J E Allanson,et al.  Objective techniques for craniofacial assessment: what are the choices? , 1997, American journal of medical genetics.

[15]  D. Weaver,et al.  Fetal Craniofacial Morphometrics: In Utero Evaluation at 16 Weeks' Gestation , 1988, Obstetrics and gynecology.

[16]  A. Abuhamad,et al.  Automated retrieval of standard diagnostic fetal cardiac ultrasound planes in the second trimester of pregnancy: a prospective evaluation of software , 2007, Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

[17]  N. Jeffery A high-resolution MRI study of linear growth of the human fetal skull base , 2002, Neuroradiology.

[18]  B. Tutschek,et al.  Semi‐automatic segmentation of fetal cardiac cavities: progress towards an automated fetal echocardiogram , 2008, Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

[19]  L N A van Adrichem,et al.  Craniofacial variability index in utero: a three‐dimensional ultrasound study , 2007, Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

[20]  D Wallwiener,et al.  Effect of deviation from the mid‐sagittal plane on the measurement of fetal nuchal translucency , 2010, Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

[21]  J. Clayton-Smith Syndromes of the Head and Neck , 1993 .

[22]  T. Nelson,et al.  Fetal face visualization using three‐dimensional ultrasonography. , 1995, Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine.

[23]  William E. Lorensen,et al.  Marching cubes: A high resolution 3D surface construction algorithm , 1987, SIGGRAPH.

[24]  T. Leung,et al.  How true is a ‘true’ midsagittal section? , 2008, Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

[25]  L. Ribbert,et al.  Three‐dimensional multiplanar ultrasound is a valuable tool in the study of the fetal profile in the second trimester of pregnancy , 2010, Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

[26]  G. Bernaschek,et al.  Three dimensional ultrasound: abnormalities of the fetal face in surface and volume rendering mode , 1995, British journal of obstetrics and gynaecology.

[27]  Raja Parasuraman,et al.  Humans and Automation: Use, Misuse, Disuse, Abuse , 1997, Hum. Factors.