Response of French Bean to Fertigation With Wine From Molasses Distillery Effluent in Two Seasons

Disposal of distillery effluent is a problem due to generation of huge volumes of effluent produced in India. The investigation was conducted to assess the effects of wine from molasses distillery effluent (WMDE) as a fertigant. Responses to 5%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of WMDE on Phaseolus vulgaris L., cv. Annapurna, in the rainy and summer seasons were investigated. The WMDE concentration produced changes in soil electrical conductivity (EC), pH, organic carbon (OC), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), cadmium (Cd), calcium (Ca2+), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg2+), manganese (Mn), phosphate (PO43−), sodium (Na+), sulfate (SO42−), and zinc (Zn) in both seasons. No changes occurred in water holding capacity (WHC) and soil bulk density (BD). Fertigation with 100% WMDE decreased soil BD (1.40%), pH (16.66%–17.28%), and WHC (13.26%–15.61%) and increased EC (84.13%–86.47%), OC (3811.62%–3961.90%), TKN (1390.63%–1445.54%) Ca2+ (729.76%–788.31%), Cd (437.73%–565.00%), Cr (1365.38%–1382.52%), Cu (417.57%–419.13%), Fe2+ (301.90%–345.26%), K+ (31.59%–33.14%), Mg2+ (740.47%–805.12%), Mn (1487.50%–1706.66%), Na+ (273.00%–302.59%), PO43− (337.79%–346.52%), SO42− (77.78%–81.07%), and Zn (333.33%–348.32%) in both seasons. Agronomic performance of P. vulgaris increased 5% to 25% in both seasons compared to controls. Heavy metal levels increased in soil and P. vulgaris at 5% to 100% WMDE concentrations in both seasons. The contamination factor of heavy metals was in the order Cr > Cd > Cu > Zn > Mn for soil and Cu > Cr > Zn > Cd > Mn for P. vulgaris in both seasons after fertigation with WMDE. The WMDE can be used as a fertigant after appropriate dilution to improve yield of P. vulgaris.

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