A route to three-dimensional structures in a microfluidic device: stop-flow interference lithography.

hasemergedasanattractivealternativetechniquethatallowstherationaldesignofcomplexanddefect-free1D,2D,and3Dpatternsoverlargeareas.Besidesbeingfastandefficient,ILalsoaffordscontrolovergeometricalparameters,suchassymme-try and volume fractions, of the structures formed. ILperformed using an elastomeric poly(dimethylsiloxane)(PDMS)phasemask

[1]  Mehmet Toner,et al.  Multifunctional Encoded Particles for High-Throughput Biomolecule Analysis , 2007, Science.

[2]  Vladimir V Tsukruk,et al.  Mechanically tunable three-dimensional elastomeric network/air structures via interference lithography. , 2006, Nano letters.

[3]  Sharon C. Glotzer,et al.  Self‐assembly: From nanoscale to microscale colloids , 2004 .

[4]  Satoshi Kawata,et al.  Finer features for functional microdevices , 2001, Nature.

[5]  C. Tanford.  Macromolecules , 1994, Nature.

[6]  Christian Decker,et al.  Kinetic approach of oxygen inhibition in ultraviolet- and laser-induced polymerizations , 1985 .

[7]  Zhibing Hu,et al.  Fabrication of monodisperse gel shells and functional microgels in microfluidic devices. , 2007, Angewandte Chemie.

[8]  R. G. Denning,et al.  Fabrication of photonic crystals for the visible spectrum by holographic lithography , 2000, Nature.

[9]  Howard A. Stone,et al.  ENGINEERING FLOWS IN SMALL DEVICES , 2004 .

[10]  A. Khademhosseini,et al.  Microscale technologies for tissue engineering and biology. , 2006, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[11]  R. Misra,et al.  Biomaterials , 2008 .

[12]  E. Thomas,et al.  Shape control of multivalent 3D colloidal particles via interference lithography. , 2007, Nano letters.

[13]  Younan Xia,et al.  Three‐Dimensional Photonic Crystals with Non‐spherical Colloids as Building Blocks , 2001 .

[14]  Dhananjay Dendukuri,et al.  Stop-flow lithography in a microfluidic device. , 2007, Lab on a chip.

[15]  Mischa Megens,et al.  Creating Periodic Three-Dimensional Structures by Multibeam Interference of Visible Laser , 2002 .

[16]  J. Lewis,et al.  Microperiodic structures: Direct writing of three-dimensional webs , 2004, Nature.

[17]  Fabrizio Gelain,et al.  Designer Self-Assembling Peptide Nanofiber Scaffolds for Adult Mouse Neural Stem Cell 3-Dimensional Cultures , 2006, PloS one.

[18]  G. Whitesides,et al.  Patterning proteins and cells using soft lithography. , 1999, Biomaterials.

[19]  Shu Yang,et al.  Photonic crystals through holographic lithography: Simple cubic, diamond-like, and gyroid-like structures , 2004 .

[20]  R. Rosenfeld.  Nature , 2009, Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.

[21]  John A Rogers,et al.  Fabricating complex three-dimensional nanostructures with high-resolution conformable phase masks. , 2004, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[22]  Dhananjay Dendukuri,et al.  Continuous-flow lithography for high-throughput microparticle synthesis , 2006, Nature materials.

[23]  D. Bouville,et al.  Fabrication of three-dimensional microstructures using standard ultraviolet and electron-beam lithography , 2004 .

[24]  G. Whitesides,et al.  Generating ∼90 nanometer features using near-field contact-mode photolithography with an elastomeric phase mask , 1998 .

[25]  Dhananjay Dendukuri,et al.  Synthesis and self-assembly of amphiphilic polymeric microparticles. , 2007, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[26]  Edwin L. Thomas,et al.  Ordered bicontinuous double-diamond structure of star block copolymers: a new equilibrium microdomain morphology , 1986 .

[27]  D A Parthenopoulos,et al.  Three-Dimensional Optical Storage Memory , 1989, Science.

[28]  K. Anseth,et al.  Hydrogel Cell Cultures , 2007, Science.

[29]  J. Aizenberg,et al.  Synthesis of photoacid crosslinkable hydrogels for the fabrication of soft, biomimetic microlens arrays , 2005 .

[30]  Dinsmore,et al.  Phase diagrams of nearly-hard-sphere binary colloids. , 1995, Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics.

[31]  Robert Langer,et al.  Three‐Dimensional Microfluidic Tissue‐Engineering Scaffolds Using a Flexible Biodegradable Polymer , 2006, Advanced materials.