Comparing the real-time searching behavior of four differential-evolution variants applied to water-distribution-network design optimization.

AbstractDifferential evolution (DE) algorithms have been successfully used to handle a wide range of water resource optimization problems in recent years. The relative performance of various DE variants has been typically assessed based on the quality of the final solutions for the selected problems within the given computational budget. Such a comparative analysis, however, provides limited understanding on how various operational mechanisms alter the DE algorithms’ searching behavior and what searching properties lead to improved performance. To improve research in this area, this study aims to characterize and compare the searching behavior of four DE variants using a range of measure metrics, mainly focusing on real-time statistics of the algorithm’s search quality, search progress, and convergence manner. The utility of the metrics is demonstrated using the four DE variants (SDE, dDE, MdDE, and SADE) applied to three water distribution network (WDN) design problems with significantly increased comple...

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