Peer Review Anew : 2 Three Principles and a 3 Case Study in Postpublication

10 ABSTRACT | Over the last 15 years, the Internet has enabled 11 new modes of authorship, new forms of open licensing and 12 distribution, and new forms of collaboration and peer produc13 tion to flourish. But in turn, new anxieties have arisen, 14 especially concerning quality assurance, peer review, reuse, 15 and modification. New innovations are appearing in peer 16 review, endorsement, the measurement of trust, and the 17 understanding of reputation, but without any systematic 18 analysis of the general principles of quality assurance and 19 peer review in this new era. In this paper, we propose a general 20 set of principles for understanding what peer review was in the 21 past and how it should be applied today to different kinds of 22 content and in new platforms for managing quality. The 23 principles stress an analysis not only on the content in 24 materials but also on their context of use. Our focus is on 25 open educational resources, and we present a case study of the 26 open education project Connexions’ lens system for quality 27 assurance and review. However, the principles can be applied 28 across multiple levels of knowledge production, including 29 scholarship in engineering and science and reference materials 30 in addition to educational publishing. 31