Concomitant alterations of metabolic parameters, cardiovascular risk factors and altered cortisol secretion in patients with adrenal incidentalomas during prolonged follow‐up

Adrenal incidentalomas (AI) are associated with metabolic and hormonal abnormalities, most commonly autonomous cortisol secretion (ACS). Data regarding alterations of insulin resistance (IR) and ACS after prolonged follow‐up are limited. We investigated the evolution of IR, cortisol secretion and ACS development in patients with AI during prolonged follow‐up.

[1]  A. Turchin,et al.  Nonfunctional Adrenal Tumors and the Risk for Incident Diabetes and Cardiovascular Outcomes , 2016, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[2]  A. Tabarin,et al.  Management of adrenal incidentalomas: European Society of Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline in collaboration with the European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors. , 2016, European journal of endocrinology.

[3]  M. Bradburn,et al.  Cortisol as a marker for increased mortality in patients with incidental adrenocortical adenomas. , 2014, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[4]  R. Golfieri,et al.  Cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with adrenal incidentalomas that are either non-secreting or associated with intermediate phenotype or subclinical Cushing's syndrome: a 15-year retrospective study. , 2014, The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology.

[5]  G. Kaltsas,et al.  Patients with apparently nonfunctioning adrenal incidentalomas may be at increased cardiovascular risk due to excessive cortisol secretion. , 2014, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[6]  E. Ghigo,et al.  Long-term follow-up in adrenal incidentalomas: an Italian multicenter study. , 2014, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[7]  G. Chrousos,et al.  Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in subjects with adrenal incidentaloma , 2012, European journal of clinical investigation.

[8]  C. Mosconi,et al.  Progressively increased patterns of subclinical cortisol hypersecretion in adrenal incidentalomas differently predict major metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes: a large cross-sectional study. , 2012, European journal of endocrinology.

[9]  Michael Biehl,et al.  Urine Steroid Metabolomics as a Biomarker Tool for Detecting Malignancy in Adrenal Tumors , 2011, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[10]  E. Papini,et al.  AME position statement on adrenal incidentaloma. , 2011, European journal of endocrinology.

[11]  A. Pontecorvi,et al.  The size of adrenal incidentalomas correlates with insulin resistance. Is there a cause‐effect relationship? , 2011, Clinical endocrinology.

[12]  V. Basevi.  Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2011 , 2011, Diabetes Care.

[13]  T. Economopoulos,et al.  Insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in patients with nonfunctioning adrenal incidentalomas: a cause-effect relationship? , 2010, Metabolism: clinical and experimental.

[14]  M. D. De Martino,et al.  Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus in Cushing’s Syndrome , 2010, Neuroendocrinology.

[15]  E. Arvat,et al.  Long-term morphological, hormonal, and clinical follow-up in a single unit on 118 patients with adrenal incidentalomas. , 2010, European journal of endocrinology.

[16]  A. Comlekçi,et al.  Adrenal incidentaloma, clinical, metabolic, follow-up aspects: single centre experience , 2010, Endocrine.

[17]  G. Kaltsas,et al.  High prevalence of autonomous cortisol and aldosterone secretion from adrenal adenomas , 2009, Clinical endocrinology.

[18]  M. Şahin,et al.  Two-year follow-up of thirty-two non-functional benign adrenal incidentalomas , 2009 .

[19]  J. Manolis,et al.  Hormonal activity of adrenal incidentalomas: results from a long‐term follow‐up study , 2009, Clinical endocrinology.

[20]  N. Valli,et al.  Usefulness of adrenal scintigraphy in the follow-up of adrenocortical incidentalomas: a prospective multicenter study. , 2008, European journal of endocrinology.

[21]  G. Scagliotti,et al.  Prevalence of adrenal incidentaloma in a contemporary computerized tomography series , 2006, Journal of endocrinological investigation.

[22]  L. Steen,et al.  Adrenal incidentaloma - follow-up results from a Swedish prospective study. , 2006, European journal of endocrinology.

[23]  E. Balk,et al.  The clinically inapparent adrenal mass: update in diagnosis and management. , 2004, Endocrine reviews.

[24]  M. Graffigna,et al.  Effect of rosiglitazone on insulin resistance, growth factors, and reproductive disturbances in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. , 2004, Fertility and sterility.

[25]  G. Palù,et al.  Prevalence and natural history of adrenal incidentalomas. , 2003, European journal of endocrinology.

[26]  J. Mckenney,et al.  National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) , 2002 .

[27]  A. Baccarelli,et al.  Long-term follow-up study of patients with adrenal incidentalomas. , 2002, European journal of endocrinology.

[28]  P. Paccotti,et al.  Adrenal incidentaloma: a new cause of the metabolic syndrome? , 2002, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[29]  D A Follmann,et al.  The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Printed in U.S.A. Copyright © 2000 by The Endocrine Society Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans , 2022 .

[30]  L. del Viscovo,et al.  Subclinical Cushing's syndrome in patients with adrenal incidentaloma: clinical and biochemical features. , 2000, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[31]  G. Arnaldi,et al.  A Survey on Adrenal Incidentaloma in Italy , 2000 .

[32]  G. Arnaldi,et al.  A survey on adrenal incidentaloma in Italy. Study Group on Adrenal Tumors of the Italian Society of Endocrinology. , 2000, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[33]  M. Matsuda,et al.  Insulin sensitivity indices obtained from oral glucose tolerance testing: comparison with the euglycemic insulin clamp. , 1999, Diabetes care.

[34]  P. Raskin,et al.  Report of the expert committee on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. , 1999, Diabetes care.

[35]  R. Turner,et al.  Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and β-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man , 1985, Diabetologia.

[36]  A. Comlekçi,et al.  Prospective evaluation of tumor size and hormonal status in adrenal incidentalomas. , 2010, Journal of endocrinological investigation.

[37]  Y. Jang,et al.  Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2010 by the American Diabetes Association: Prevention and Management of Cardiovascular Disease , 2010 .

[38]  S. Grundy,et al.  National Cholesterol Education Program Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program ( NCEP ) Expert Panel on Detection , Evaluation , and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults ( Adult Treatment Panel III ) Final Report , 2022 .

[39]  M. Boscaro,et al.  Development of overt Cushing's syndrome in patients with adrenal incidentaloma. , 2002, European journal of endocrinology.