Power control and spatial reusability in mobile ad hoc networks

In this dissertation, we focus on the issue of power control and spatial reusability in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs). We introduce a novel Spatial Reuse MAC (SRM) protocol based on IEEE 802.11 which accomplishes spatial reuse by employing a combination of power control and a distributed transmission sneaking mechanism. Our MAC scheme provides an improved power efficiency and enhanced throughput as compared to existing schemes. We also focus on the spatial reusability by using directional antennas. Existing MAC protocols which have been designed under the omni-directional antenna assumptions are inadequate to fully exploit the benefits of directional antennas. Hence, the design of an efficient MAC protocol for directional antennas is an important issue and needs further investigation. We introduce a new MAC protocol for Directional Antennas (MDA) which exploits the benefits offered by such an environment. Through simulation work we show that MDA outperforms all exiting directional MAC protocols. We have also addressed directional routing issues in MANETs and propose an on-demand Directional Routing Protocol (DRP) which assumes a cross layer interaction between the routing and the MAC layers. The main features of DRP include an efficient route discovery mechanism, establishment and maintenance of directional routing and directional neighbor tables and a novel directional route recovery mechanism. A detailed study of issues related to routing in directional antenna systems is done and the behavior of different IEEE 802.11 system parameters in a multihop directional environment is also provided undertaken.

[1]  Srikanth V. Krishnamurthy,et al.  Distributed power control in ad-hoc wireless networks , 2001, 12th IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications. PIMRC 2001. Proceedings (Cat. No.01TH8598).

[2]  Yu-Chee Tseng,et al.  A Multi-channel MAC Protocol with Power Control for Multi-hop Mobile Ad Hoc Networks , 2002, Comput. J..

[3]  P. R. Kumar,et al.  Internets in the sky: capacity of 3D wireless networks , 2000, Proceedings of the 39th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (Cat. No.00CH37187).

[4]  Raghupathy Sivakumar,et al.  On the medium access control problem in Ad hoc networks with smart antennas , 2003, MOCO.

[5]  Jing Deng,et al.  Dual busy tone multiple access (DBTMA)-performance evaluation , 1999, 1999 IEEE 49th Vehicular Technology Conference (Cat. No.99CH36363).

[6]  Yu-Chee Tseng,et al.  Intelligent medium access for mobile ad hoc networks with busy tones and power control , 2000, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[7]  Mario Gerla,et al.  Interference aware (IA) MAC: an enhancement to IEEE802.11b DCF , 2003, 2003 IEEE 58th Vehicular Technology Conference. VTC 2003-Fall (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37484).

[8]  Leandros Tassiulas,et al.  A MAC protocol for full exploitation of directional antennas in ad-hoc wireless networks , 2003, MobiHoc '03.

[9]  Ram Ramanathan.  On the performance of ad hoc networks with beamforming antennas , 2001, MobiHoc.

[10]  Harry Leib,et al.  Multiple antenna systems: their role and impact in future wireless access , 2003, IEEE Commun. Mag..

[11]  Ram Ramanathan,et al.  On the performance of ad hoc networks with beamforming antennas , 2001, MobiHoc '01.

[12]  Jianwei Zhou,et al.  Achieving fairness in distributed scheduling in wireless ad-hoc networks , 2003, Conference Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE International Performance, Computing, and Communications Conference, 2003..

[13]  Pietro Manzoni,et al.  Determination of Critical Transmission Range in Ad-Hoc Networks , 1999 .

[14]  Somprakash Bandyopadhyay,et al.  A network-aware MAC and routing protocol for effective load balancing in ad hoc wireless networks with directional antenna , 2003, MobiHoc '03.

[15]  Anthony Ephremides,et al.  Resource-limited energy-efficient wireless multicast of session traffic , 2001, Proceedings of the 34th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.

[16]  Jing Deng,et al.  Dual busy tone multiple access (DBTMA): a new medium access control for packet radio networks , 1998, ICUPC '98. IEEE 1998 International Conference on Universal Personal Communications. Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.98TH8384).

[17]  S. M. Heemstra de Groot,et al.  Power-aware routing in mobile ad hoc networks , 1998, MobiCom '98.

[18]  David A. Maltz,et al.  The dynamic source routing for mobile ad hoc networks , 2001 .

[19]  Vaduvur Bharghavan,et al.  A power controlled multiple access protocol for wireless packet networks , 2001, Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM 2001. Conference on Computer Communications. Twentieth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Society (Cat. No.01CH37213).

[20]  David Gesbert,et al.  Smart antennas for broadband wireless access networks , 1999, IEEE Commun. Mag..

[21]  Robert E. Hiromoto,et al.  A MAC protocol for mobile ad hoc networks using directional antennas , 2000, 2000 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference. Conference Record (Cat. No.00TH8540).

[22]  Dharma P. Agrawal,et al.  COPAS: dynamic contention-balancing to enhance the performance of TCP over multi-hop wireless networks , 2002, Proceedings. Eleventh International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks.

[23]  Michael B. Pursley,et al.  Energy-efficient transmission and routing protocols for wireless multiple-hop networks and spread-spectrum radios , 2000, IEEE/AFCEA EUROCOMM 2000. Information Systems for Enhanced Public Safety and Security (Cat. No.00EX405).

[24]  Nitin H. Vaidya,et al.  Ad Hoc Routing Using Directional Antennas Technical Report August 2002 , 2002 .

[25]  Khaled Ben Letaief,et al.  Antenna systems for broadband wireless access , 2002, IEEE Commun. Mag..

[26]  Dharma P. Agrawal,et al.  Broadcasting over switched single beam antennas , 2004, Proceedings. 2004 12th IEEE International Conference on Networks (ICON 2004) (IEEE Cat. No.04EX955).

[27]  T. Saadawi,et al.  Does IEEE 802 . 11 MAC Protocol Work Well in Multi-hop Wireless Ad Hoc Networks ? , 2001 .

[28]  Indra Widjaja,et al.  IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks , 1997, IEEE Commun. Mag..

[29]  A. S. Krishnakumar,et al.  Quality-of-service in ad hoc carrier sense multiple access wireless networks , 1999, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun..

[30]  Chai-Keong Toh.  Maximum battery life routing to support ubiquitous mobile computing in wireless ad hoc networks , 2001 .

[31]  P. R. Kumar,et al.  Power Control in Ad-Hoc Networks: Theory, Architecture, Algorithm and Implementation of the COMPOW Protocol , 2002 .

[32]  Somprakash Bandyopadhyay,et al.  An adaptive MAC protocol for wireless ad hoc community network (WACNet) using electronically steerable passive array radiator antenna , 2001, GLOBECOM'01. IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Cat. No.01CH37270).

[33]  Theodore S. Rappaport,et al.  Smart Antennas for Wireless Communications: Is-95 and Third Generation Cdma Applications , 1999 .

[34]  Amit Kumar Saha.  Energy saving and partition bridging using directional antennas in mobile ad hoc networks , 2003 .

[35]  Li Li,et al.  Distributed topology control for power efficient operation in multihop wireless ad hoc networks , 2001, Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM 2001. Conference on Computer Communications. Twentieth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Society (Cat. No.01CH37213).

[36]  Mario Gerla,et al.  How effective is the IEEE 802.11 RTS/CTS handshake in ad hoc networks , 2002, Global Telecommunications Conference, 2002. GLOBECOM '02. IEEE.

[37]  Tak-Shing Peter Yum,et al.  Design algorithms for multihop packet radio networks with multiple directional antennas stations , 1992, IEEE Trans. Commun..

[38]  Nitin H. Vaidya,et al.  A Power Control MAC Protocol for Ad Hoc Networks , 2002, MobiCom '02.

[39]  B. Bellur,et al.  Topology broadcast based on reverse-path forwarding , 2001 .

[40]  Nitin H. Vaidya,et al.  Location-aided routing (LAR) in mobile ad hoc networks , 1998, MobiCom '98.

[41]  Leonard Kleinrock,et al.  Packet Switching in Radio Channels: New Conflict-Free Multiple Access Schemes , 1980, IEEE Trans. Commun..

[42]  Nitin H. Vaidya,et al.  Using directional antennas for medium access control in ad hoc networks , 2002, MobiCom '02.

[43]  S. Bandyopadhyay,et al.  An adaptive MAC and idrectional routing protocol for ad hoc wireless network using ESPAR antenna , 2001, MobiHoc '01.

[44]  Srikanth V. Krishnamurthy,et al.  Medium access control in a network of ad hoc mobile nodes with heterogeneous power capabilities , 2001, ICC 2001. IEEE International Conference on Communications. Conference Record (Cat. No.01CH37240).

[45]  Somprakash Bandyopadhyay,et al.  An adaptive MAC and idrectional routing protocol for ad hoc wireless network using ESPAR antenna , 2001, MobiHoc.

[46]  A. Wolisz,et al.  Combined Tuning of RF Power and Medium Access Control for WLANs , 1999, 1999 IEEE International Workshop on Mobile Multimedia Communications (MoMuC'99) (Cat. No.99EX384).

[47]  J. J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves,et al.  Floor acquisition multiple access (FAMA) for packet-radio networks , 1995, SIGCOMM '95.

[48]  Robert E. Hiromoto,et al.  On-demand routing using directional antennas in mobile ad hoc networks , 2000, Proceedings Ninth International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (Cat.No.00EX440).

[49]  Panganamala Ramana Kumar,et al.  RHEINISCH-WESTFÄLISCHE TECHNISCHE HOCHSCHULE AACHEN , 2001 .

[50]  Jack H. Winters,et al.  Smart antennas for wireless systems , 1998, IEEE Wirel. Commun..

[51]  Nitin H. Vaidya,et al.  Medium access control protocols using directional antennas in ad hoc networks , 2000, Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM 2000. Conference on Computer Communications. Nineteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (Cat. No.00CH37064).

[52]  Mani Srivastava,et al.  Dynamic Fine-Grained Localization in Ad-Hoc Wireless Sensor Networks , 2001 .

[53]  Adam Wolisz,et al.  Power-saving mechanisms in emerging standards for wireless LANs: the MAC level perspective , 1998, IEEE Wirel. Commun..

[54]  Leo Monteban,et al.  WaveLAN®-II: A high-performance wireless LAN for the unlicensed band , 1997, Bell Labs Technical Journal.

[55]  Adam Wolisz,et al.  An energy-efficient power control approach for WLANs , 2000, Journal of Communications and Networks.

[56]  Archan Misra,et al.  MACA-P: a MAC for concurrent transmissions in multi-hop wireless networks , 2003, Proceedings of the First IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications, 2003. (PerCom 2003)..

[57]  Yu Wang,et al.  Spatial reuse and collision avoidance in ad hoc networks with directional antennas , 2002, Global Telecommunications Conference, 2002. GLOBECOM '02. IEEE.

[58]  Aifeng Ren,et al.  Directional virtual carrier sensing for directional antennas in mobile ad hoc networks , 2002, MobiHoc '02.

[59]  Mario Gerla,et al.  Fisheye State Routing Protocol (FSR) for Ad Hoc Networks , 2002 .

[60]  D.P. Agrawal,et al.  The deafness problems and solutions in wireless ad hoc networks using directional antennas , 2004, IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference Workshops, 2004. GlobeCom Workshops 2004..

[61]  Ram Ramanathan,et al.  Topology control of multihop wireless networks using transmit power adjustment , 2000, Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM 2000. Conference on Computer Communications. Nineteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (Cat. No.00CH37064).

[62]  Robert Metcalfe,et al.  Ethernet: distributed packet switching for local computer networks , 1976, CACM.

[63]  Teresa H. Y. Meng,et al.  Minimum energy mobile wireless networks , 1999, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun..

[64]  Mahmoud Naghshineh,et al.  Conserving transmission power in wireless ad hoc networks , 2001, Proceedings Ninth International Conference on Network Protocols. ICNP 2001.

[65]  Mani B. Srivastava,et al.  Adaptive frame length control for improving wireless link throughput, range, and energy efficiency , 1998, Proceedings. IEEE INFOCOM '98, the Conference on Computer Communications. Seventeenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. Gateway to the 21st Century (Cat. No.98.

[66]  Philippe Jacquet,et al.  Optimized Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR) , 2003, RFC.

[67]  Ravi Prakash,et al.  Unidirectional links prove costly in wireless ad hoc networks , 1999, DIALM '99.

[68]  Paramvir Bahl,et al.  Distributed Topology Control for Wireless Multihop Ad-hoc Networks , 2001, INFOCOM.

[69]  M. J. Gans,et al.  On Limits of Wireless Communications in a Fading Environment when Using Multiple Antennas , 1998, Wirel. Pers. Commun..

[70]  P. Karn,et al.  MACA-a New Channel Access Method for Packet Radio , 1990 .

[71]  Theodore S. Rappaport,et al.  Wireless communications - principles and practice , 1996 .

[72]  Ajay Chandra V. Gummalla,et al.  Wireless medium access control protocols , 2000, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.