SIMULATION: STATE-OF-ART AND CONCEPTS FOR IMPROVEMENTS

Energy and indoor environmental performance of buildings are highly influenced by outdoor/indoor climate, by building characteristics, and by occupants’ behaviour. Building simulation tools cannot precisely replicate the actual performance of buildings because the simulations are based on a number of basic assumptions that affect the results. Therefore, the calculated energy performance may differ significantly from the real energy consumption. One of the key reasons is the current inability to properly model occupant behaviour and to quantify the associated uncertainties in building performance predictions. By consequence, a better description of parameters related to occupant behaviour is highly required. In this paper, the state of art in occupant behaviour modelling within energy simulation tools is analysed and some concepts related to possible improvements of simulation tools are proposed towards more accurate energy consumption predictions.

[1]  Sebastian Herkel,et al.  Towards a model of user behaviour regarding the manual control of windows in office buildings , 2008 .

[2]  K. K. Andersen,et al.  Survey of occupant behaviour and control of indoor environment in Danish dwellings , 2007 .

[3]  Bernard Marie Lachal,et al.  Predicted versus observed heat consumption of a low energy multifamily complex in Switzerland based on long-term experimental data , 2004 .

[4]  P Pieter-Jan Hoes,et al.  User behavior in whole building simulation , 2009 .

[5]  J. F. Nicol,et al.  Development of an adaptive window-opening algorithm to predict the thermal comfort, energy use and overheating in buildings , 2008 .

[6]  Joseph Andrew Clarke,et al.  Using results from field surveys to predict the effect of open windows on thermal comfort and energy use in buildings , 2007 .

[7]  John M. Darley,et al.  Behavioral approaches to residential energy conservation , 1978 .

[8]  J. F. Nicol.  Characterising occupant behaviour in buildings : towards a stochastic model of occupant use of windows, lights, blinds, heaters and fans , 2001 .

[9]  V Vincent Tabak,et al.  User Simulation of Space Utilisation : System for Office Building Usage Simulation , 2003 .

[10]  M. Shukuya,et al.  Comparison of theoretical and statistical models of air-conditioning-unit usage behaviour in a residential setting under Japanese climatic conditions , 2009 .

[11]  V. Ismet Ugursal,et al.  Modeling of end-use energy consumption in the residential sector: A review of modeling techniques , 2009 .

[12]  J. F. Nicol,et al.  Understanding the adaptive approach to thermal comfort , 1998 .

[13]  A. Emery,et al.  A long term study of residential home heating consumption and the effect of occupant behavior on homes in the Pacific Northwest constructed according to improved thermal standards , 2006 .

[14]  R. Fritsch,et al.  A stochastic model of user behaviour regarding ventilation , 1990 .

[15]  Darren Robinson,et al.  A generalised stochastic model for the simulation of occupant presence , 2008 .

[16]  D.R.G. Hunt,et al.  The use of artificial lighting in relation to daylight levels and occupancy , 1979 .

[17]  Joseph Andrew Clarke,et al.  Predicting adaptive responses - simulating occupied environments , 2006 .

[18]  Jørn Toftum,et al.  Central automatic control or distributed occupant control for better indoor environment quality in the future , 2010 .

[19]  David E. Claridge,et al.  Compilation of Diversity Factors and Schedules for Energy and Cooling Load Calculations, ASHRAE Research Project 1093-RP, Final Report , 1999 .

[20]  R. Sonderegger.  MOVERS AND STAYERS: THE RESIDENT'S CONTRIBUTION TO VARIATION ACROSS HOUSES IN ENERGY CONSUMPTION FOR SPACE HEATING , 1978 .

[21]  L. K. Norford,et al.  Two-to-one discrepancy between measured and predicted performance of a ‘low-energy’ office building: insights from a reconciliation based on the DOE-2 model , 1994 .

[22]  A. Rabl,et al.  Energy-efficient gas-heated housing in France: predicted and observed performance , 1991 .

[23]  Gail Brager,et al.  Occupant Control of Windows: Accounting for Human Behavior in Building Simulation , 2008 .

[24]  Christoph F. Reinhart,et al.  Lightswitch-2002: a model for manual and automated control of electric lighting and blinds , 2004 .

[25]  Christoph F. Reinhart,et al.  Adding advanced behavioural models in whole building energy simulation: A study on the total energy impact of manual and automated lighting control , 2006 .