The fields of rail vehicle design, maintenance, and modification, as well as performance issues related to these types of vehicles, are examined in this text. Rail vehicle design issues and dynamic responses are analyzed, design and features of rail vehicles are described, and methods that address the operational conditions of this complex system are introduced. Both non-powered and powered rail vehicles are a focus - passenger and freight rolling stock, locomotives, and self-powered vehicles used for public transportation. Problems involved in designing and modeling all types of rail vehicles are introduced. Applications of train operations, vehicle dynamics, and track infrastructure maintenance are explored. Fundamentals of locomotive design, longitudinal train dynamics, and multibody dynamics are introduced, and co-simulation techniques are discussed. Recent advances in rail vehicle design are highlighted, and applicable standards and acceptance tests from around the world are contained.