Evidence-based efficacy of ozone for root canal irrigation.

Answer: Ozone has been proposed as a dental antiseptic agent based on reports of its antimicrobial effects in both gaseous and aqueous forms. Ozone is effective when it is prescribed in sufficient concentration, used for an adequate time, and delivered correctly into root canals after the traditional cleaning, shaping, and irrigation have been completed. Ozone will not be effective if too little dose of ozone is delivered or it is not delivered appropriately. Ozone should be used after the conventional cleaning, shaping, and irrigation of root canals, and the ozonated liquid in the canal system should be agitated with ultrasound.

[1]  V. Lazǎr,et al.  A quantitative approach to the effectiveness of ozone against microbiota organisms colonizing toothbrushes. , 2008, Journal of dentistry.

[2]  E. Lynch Evidence-based caries reversal using ozone. , 2008, Journal of esthetic and restorative dentistry : official publication of the American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry ... [et al.].

[3]  L. D. de Oliveira,et al.  Effectiveness of ozonated water on Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis, and endotoxins in root canals. , 2008, Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics.

[4]  E. Lynch,et al.  The effects of ozone gas application on shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets to enamel. , 2008, American journal of dentistry.

[5]  H. Limeback,et al.  The application of ozone in dentistry: a systematic review of literature. , 2008, Journal of dentistry.

[6]  G. Iannetti,et al.  Ozone Therapy in Extractive Surgery on Patients Treated With Bisphosphonates , 2007, The Journal of craniofacial surgery.

[7]  C. Ungari,et al.  Ozone Therapy in the Treatment of Avascular Bisphosphonate-Related Jaw Osteonecrosis , 2007, The Journal of craniofacial surgery.

[8]  M. Petrucci,et al.  Role of ozone therapy in the treatment of osteonecrosis of the jaws in multiple myeloma patients , 2007, Haematologica.

[9]  E. Lynch,et al.  Clinical reversal of root caries using ozone: 6-month results. , 2007, American journal of dentistry.

[10]  K. Pfeffer,et al.  Determination of the performance of various root canal disinfection methods after in situ carriage. , 2007, Journal of endodontics.

[11]  D. Beighton,et al.  Assessment of the Ozone-Mediated Killing of Bacteria in Infected Dentine Associated with Non-Cavitated Occlusal Carious Lesions , 2007, Caries Research.

[12]  R. Hickel,et al.  Effect of Aqueous Ozone on the NF-κB System , 2007 .

[13]  B. Millar,et al.  Assessment of the safety of two ozone delivery devices. , 2007, Journal of dentistry.

[14]  C. Estrela,et al.  Antimicrobial efficacy of ozonated water, gaseous ozone, sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine in infected human root canals. , 2007, International endodontic journal.

[15]  Bernhard Guggenheim,et al.  Efficacy of gasiform ozone and photodynamic therapy on a multispecies oral biofilm in vitro. , 2007, European journal of oral sciences.

[16]  V. Bocci The case for oxygen-ozonetherapy , 2007, British journal of biomedical science.

[17]  A. Hagenbjörk-Gustafsson,et al.  Ozone air levels adjacent to a dental ozone gas delivery system , 2007, Acta odontologica Scandinavica.

[18]  R. Hickel,et al.  Effect of aqueous ozone on the NF-kappaB system. , 2007, Journal of dentistry research.

[19]  A. Consolaro,et al.  Periradicular repair after two-visit endodontic treatment using two different intracanal medications compared to single-visit endodontic treatment. , 2007, Brazilian dental journal.

[20]  T. Jaeggi,et al.  Treating open carious lesions in anxious children with ozone. A prospective controlled clinical study. , 2006, American journal of dentistry.

[21]  R. Hickel,et al.  Effect of ozone on oral cells compared with established antimicrobials. , 2006, European journal of oral sciences.

[22]  K. Pelz,et al.  Antibacterial effect of an ozone device and its comparison with two dentin-bonding systems. , 2006, European journal of oral sciences.

[23]  Z. Skobe Formation and Structure of Dental Enamel , 2006 .

[24]  R. Sader,et al.  The use of ozone in dentistry and maxillofacial surgery: a review. , 2006, Quintessence international.

[25]  V. Bocci Scientific and medical aspects of ozone therapy. State of the art. , 2006, Archives of medical research.

[26]  A. Lussi,et al.  The impact of ozone treatment on enamel physical properties. , 2006, American journal of dentistry.

[27]  M. Grootveld,et al.  High Resolution 1H NMR investigations of the oxidative consumption of salivary biomolecules by ozone: Relevance to the therapeutic applications of this agent in clinical dentistry , 2006, BioFactors.

[28]  C. Estrela,et al.  Antimicrobial potential of ozone in an ultrasonic cleaning system against Staphylococcus aureus. , 2006, Brazilian dental journal.

[29]  G. Valacchi,et al.  The dual action of ozone on the skin , 2005, The British journal of dermatology.

[30]  E. Candelario-Jalil,et al.  Therapeutic efficacy of ozone in patients with diabetic foot. , 2005, European journal of pharmacology.

[31]  K. Hayes Ozone: The revolution in dentistry , 2005, British Dental Journal.

[32]  R. Hickel,et al.  Effect of ozone on non-cavitated fissure carious lesions in permanent molars. A controlled prospective clinical study. , 2005, American journal of dentistry.

[33]  T. Okinaga,et al.  Microbicidal efficacy of ozonated water against Candida albicans adhering to acrylic denture plates. , 2005, Oral microbiology and immunology.

[34]  V. Bocci,et al.  Major ozonated autohemotherapy in chronic limb ischemia with ulcerations. , 2005, Journal of alternative and complementary medicine.

[35]  E. Lynch,et al.  The Use of Ozone in Dentistry and Medicine , 2005, Primary dental care : journal of the Faculty of General Dental Practitioners.

[36]  D. Spratt,et al.  An in vitro evaluation of the ability of ozone to kill a strain of Enterococcus faecalis. , 2005, International endodontic journal.

[37]  N. Petrukhina,et al.  [Experience in medical ozone use for root canal treatment]. , 2005, Stomatologiia.

[38]  J. Zimmermann,et al.  Effect of ozone on enamel and dentin bond strength. , 2005, The journal of adhesive dentistry.

[39]  V. Bocci,et al.  Can the combination of localized "proliferative therapy" with "minor ozonated autohemotherapy" restore the natural healing process? , 2005, Medical hypotheses.

[40]  C. Kitamura,et al.  Antimicrobial effect of ozonated water on bacteria invading dentinal tubules. , 2004, Journal of endodontics.

[41]  C. Kitamura,et al.  Efficacy of ozone on survival and permeability of oral microorganisms. , 2004, Oral microbiology and immunology.

[42]  E. Lynch,et al.  Effect of ozone on the oral microbiota and clinical severity of primary root caries. , 2004, American journal of dentistry.

[43]  J. Holmes Clinical reversal of root caries using ozone, double-blind, randomised, controlled 18-month trial. , 2003, Gerodontology.

[44]  P. Marsh,et al.  Microbiological Evaluation of a Range of Disinfectant Products To Control Mixed-Species Biofilm Contamination in a Laboratory Model of a Dental Unit Water System , 2003, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[45]  A. Filippi,et al.  PCNA-expression of cementoblasts and fibroblasts on the root surface after extraoral rinsing for decontamination. , 2002, Dental traumatology : official publication of International Association for Dental Traumatology.

[46]  Yutaka Ito,et al.  Effect of denture cleaner using ozone against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli T1 phage. , 2002, Dental materials journal.

[47]  V. Bocci Oxygen-ozone therapy : a critical evaluation , 2002 .

[48]  V. Bocci Oxygen-Ozone Therapy , 2002, Springer Netherlands.

[49]  Kevin Barraclough,et al.  I and i , 2001, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[50]  E. Lynch,et al.  Reversal of Primary Root Caries Using a Dentifrice with a High Fluoride Content , 2001, Caries Research.

[51]  R. Davies,et al.  Reversal of Primary Root Caries Using Dentifrices Containing 5,000 and 1,100 ppm Fluoride , 2000, Caries Research.

[52]  E. Lynch,et al.  Antimicrobial Effect of a Novel Ozone– Generating Device on Micro–Organisms Associated with Primary Root Carious Lesions in vitro , 2000, Caries Research.

[53]  R. Davies,et al.  Effectiveness of two fluoride dentifrices to arrest root carious lesions. , 2000, American journal of dentistry.

[54]  C. Pine,et al.  The condition of teeth in the UK in 1998 and implications for the future. , 2000, British dental journal.

[55]  R. Kent,et al.  Double blind clinical trial of a remineralizing dentifrice in the prevention of caries in a radiation therapy population. , 1999, Gerodontology.

[56]  V Bocci,et al.  Biological and clinical effects of ozone. Has ozone therapy a future in medicine? , 1999, British journal of biomedical science.

[57]  S. Bayne,et al.  Annual review of selected dental literature: report of the Committee on Scientific Investigation of the American Academy of Restorative Dentistry. , 1999, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[58]  G. Valacchi,et al.  Studies on the biological effects of ozone: 10. Release of factors from ozonated human platelets. , 1999, Mediators of inflammation.

[59]  J. Furuya,et al.  In vitro testing of a denture cleaning method using ozone. , 1998, Journal of medical and dental sciences.

[60]  S. Fure Five-Year Incidence of Caries, Salivary and Microbial Conditions in 60-, 70- and 80-Year-Old Swedish Individuals , 1998, Caries Research.

[61]  D. Beighton,et al.  The Isolation of Actinomyces naeslundii from Sound Root Surfaces and Root Carious Lesions , 1998, Caries Research.

[62]  E. Lynch Antimicrobial management of primary root carious lesions: a review. , 1996, Gerodontology.

[63]  V. Bocci Ozone as a bioregulator. Pharmacology and toxicology of ozonetherapy today. , 1996, Journal of biological regulators and homeostatic agents.

[64]  V Bocci,et al.  Does ozone therapy normalize the cellular redox balance? Implications for therapy of human immunodeficiency virus infection and several other diseases. , 1996, Medical hypotheses.

[65]  J. M. ten Cate,et al.  Caries diagnosis, conventional methods , 1996 .

[66]  R. Katz The clinical diagnosis of root caries: issues for the clinician and the researcher. , 1995, American journal of dentistry.

[67]  D. Beighton,et al.  Comparison of selected microflora of plaque and underlying carious dentine associated with primary root caries lesions. , 1995, Caries research.

[68]  E. Lynch,et al.  Prevention of root caries in older adults. , 1994, Journal.

[69]  E. Lynch The Diagnosis and Management of Primary Root Caries , 1994 .

[70]  D. Beighton,et al.  A comparison of primary root caries lesions classified according to colour. , 1994, Caries research.

[71]  D. Beighton,et al.  Relationships between yeasts and primary root-caries lesions. , 1993, Gerodontology.

[72]  Bocci,et al.  Studies on the biological effects of ozone: 4. Cytokine production and glutathione levels in human erythrocytes. , 1993 .

[73]  H. van der Hoeven,et al.  Preventive aspects of root caries. , 1993, International dental journal.

[74]  R. Duckworth The science behind caries prevention. , 1993, International dental journal.

[75]  E. Lynch,et al.  Marginal adaptation. , 1993, E -journal of dentistry.

[76]  M. Heath,et al.  Assessment of the clinical status of primary root carious lesions using an enzymic assay. , 1993, Caries Research.

[77]  D. Birkhed,et al.  Effects of a 12-month prophylactic programme on selected oral bacterial populations on root surfaces with active and inactive carious lesions. , 1993, Caries Research.

[78]  V. Bocci Ozonization of blood for the therapy of viral diseases and immunodeficiencies. A hypothesis. , 1992, Medical hypotheses.

[79]  A. Papas,et al.  Prevalence and intraoral distribution of coronal and root caries in middle-aged and older adults. , 1992, Caries research.

[80]  D. Beighton,et al.  Relationship of removable partial denture use to root caries in an older population. , 1992, The International journal of prosthodontics.

[81]  M. Heath,et al.  Salivary levels of mutans streptococci, lactobacilli, yeasts, and root caries prevalence in non-institutionalized elderly dental patients. , 1991, Community dentistry and oral epidemiology.

[82]  J. Stamm,et al.  Adult root caries survey of two similar communities with contrasting natural water fluoride levels. , 1990, Journal of the American Dental Association.

[83]  P. Marsh,et al.  Prevention of Population Shifts in Oral Microbial Communities in vitro by Low Fluoride Concentrations , 1990, Journal of dental research.

[84]  P. Arneberg [Dental caries in the elderly. 2. Root caries. Symptoms and treatment guidelines]. , 1989, The Norwegian Dental Journal.

[85]  W. Tay,et al.  Glass-ionomer cements. Part 3. Clinical properties II. , 1989, Journal of the Irish Dental Association.

[86]  V. Baelum,et al.  Pattern of dental caries in an adult rural population. , 1989, Caries research.

[87]  B. Nyvad,et al.  Scanning electron microscopy of early microbial colonization of human enamel and root surfaces in vivo. , 1987, Scandinavian journal of dental research.

[88]  B. Nyvad,et al.  Active root surface caries converted into inactive caries as a response to oral hygiene. , 1986, Scandinavian journal of dental research.

[89]  M. Vehkalahti,et al.  Prevalence of root caries in the adult Finnish population. , 1983, Community dentistry and oral epidemiology.

[90]  B. Chahverdiani,et al.  [Ozone treatment in root canal therapy. Introduction and general discussion]. , 1976, Acta Medica Iranica.

[91]  N. Chilton,et al.  The problem of root caries. I. Literature review and clinical description. , 1973, Journal of the American Dental Association.

[92]  A. Haimovici,et al.  [Ozone in endodontic therapy]. , 1970, Stomatologia.

[93]  G. Deltour,et al.  [Lethal effect of ozone on certain aerobic bacteria strains in a model of the dental pulp chamber]. , 1970, Revue d'odonto-stomatologie du midi de la France.

[94]  D. Kandić [Use of ozone in conservative dentistry]. , 1968, Stomatološki glasnik Srbije.

[95]  S. Sandhaus [Ozone therapy in odontostomatology, especially in treatments of infected root canals]. , 1965, Revue belge de medecine dentaire. Belgisch tijdschrift voor tandheelkunde.

[96]  R. Stephenson A and V , 1962, The British journal of ophthalmology.

[97]  A. Barandun,et al.  Thirteen years of experience with the Barandun irrigator and ozone treatment in endodontics. , 1962, Oral surgery, oral medicine, and oral pathology.

[98]  Fisch Ea Therapy of periodontal inflammation , 1955 .

[99]  E. Fisch [Therapy of periodontal inflammation]. , 1955, Minerva Stomatologica.

[100]  H. F. Overdiek,et al.  [Ozone in the treatment of root canal gangrene]. , 1951, Zahnarztliche Welt, zahnarztliche Reform, ZWR.

[101]  M. Zbinden [General report on the use of chlorine and ozone in root canal therapy]. , 1951, Schweizerische Monatsschrift fur Zahnheilkunde = Revue mensuelle suisse d'odonto-stomatologie.