Prevention of work-related psychological disorders. A national strategy proposed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recognizes psychological disorders as a leading occupational health problem. This document, developed by a NIOSH working group led by the present authors, represents a first attempt to fashion a comprehensive national strategy to protect and promote the psychological health of workers. Roles are identified for industry, labor, government, and academia. Key initiatives include (a) steps to improve working conditions and employee mental health services and (b) increased research and surveillance to advance understanding of the problem. Because work-related psychological disorders appear to be a rapidly developing problem lacking complete definition in terms of scope and etiology, this strategy is not to be considered a final statement of NIOSH policy.

[1]  Christina Maslach,et al.  Burnout: The Cost of Caring , 1982 .

[2]  D. Mcgregor.  The Human Side of Enterprise , 1960 .

[3]  Freedman Dx,et al.  Psychiatric epidemiology counts. , 1984 .

[4]  J L Marx,et al.  The immune system "belongs in the body". , 1985, Science.

[5]  L. Levi.  Preventing work stress , 1981 .

[6]  T. Wills,et al.  Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. , 1985, Psychological bulletin.

[7]  Cypress Bk.  Patterns of ambulatory care in internal medicine: The National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. , 1984 .

[8]  Stanislav V. Kasl,et al.  Termination: The consequences of job loss , 1977 .

[9]  Randall S. Schuler,et al.  Role Conflict and Role Ambiguity: Integration of the Literature and Directions for Future Research , 1981 .

[10]  R. Brackbill,et al.  Occupational health and safety risks and potential health consequences perceived by U.S. workers, 1985. , 1987, Public health reports.

[11]  B. Dohrenwend,et al.  Stressful life events: Their nature and effects. , 1976 .

[12]  Robert P. Quinn,et al.  The 1972-73 quality of employment survey: Descriptive statistics, with comparison data from the 1969-70 survey of working conditions. , 1974 .

[13]  R. Hingson,et al.  Where to refer employees for treatment of drinking problems. The limited lessons from empirical research. , 1985, Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association.

[14]  L. G. Norman,et al.  Journal of Occupational Medicine , 1959 .

[15]  Paul E. Spector.  Perceived Control by Employees: A Meta-Analysis of Studies Concerning Autonomy and Participation at Work , 1986 .

[16]  Joseph J. Hurrell,et al.  Occupational stress : issues and developments in research , 1988 .

[17]  Machine Pacing and Shiftwork , 1987 .

[18]  Cary L. Cooper,et al.  Job control and worker health , 1989 .

[19]  P Knauth,et al.  Biomedical and psychosocial aspects of shift work. A review. , 1977, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[20]  J. French,et al.  Psychosocial factors in coronary heart disease. , 1970, IMS, Industrial medicine and surgery.

[21]  G. D. Williams,et al.  Self-reported stress: findings from the 1985 National Health Interview Survey. , 1987, Public health reports.

[22]  M. Colligan,et al.  Occupational incidence rates of mental health disorders. , 1977, Journal of human stress.

[23]  R. Michels,et al.  Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd ed , 1981 .

[24]  A. Hoiberg.  Occupational stress and illness incidence. , 1981, Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association.

[25]  Terry A. Beehr,et al.  JOB STRESS, EMPLOYEE HEALTH, AND ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS: A FACET ANALYSIS, MODEL, AND LITERATURE REVIEW , 1978 .

[26]  B. Gardell.  Autonomy and Participation at Work , 1977 .

[27]  Jonathan C. Peck,et al.  The future of work and health , 1985 .

[28]  E. Grandjean.  Ergonomics and health in modern offices , 1984 .

[29]  W P Colquhoun,et al.  The Twenty-four Hour Workday: Proceedings of a Symposium on Variations in Work-Sleep Schedules , 1983 .

[30]  C. Cooper,et al.  A model of occupational stress. , 1981, Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association.

[31]  David R. Williams,et al.  Job Stress and Blue Collar Work , 1987 .

[32]  August B. Hollingshead,et al.  Life Stress and Mental Health: The Midtown Manhattan Study. , 1964 .

[33]  R. Caplan,et al.  Effects of work load, role ambiguity, and type A personality on anxiety, depression, and heart rate. , 1975, The Journal of applied psychology.

[34]  E. Erikson.  Childhood and Society , 1965 .

[35]  E. N. Corlett,et al.  Machine pacing and occupational stress: G. Salvendy and M.J. Smith (Eds) Taylor and Francis Ltd, pp 384, £19.75 , 1982 .

[36]  M. W. Linn,et al.  Effects of unemployment on mental and physical health. , 1985, American journal of public health.

[37]  T. Cooper.  Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. , 1976, Military medicine.

[38]  Surgeon General,et al.  Healthy people : the Surgeon General's report on health promotion and disease prevention , 1979 .

[39]  Donaldson Ms,et al.  HMO members and clinicians rank health education needs. , 1983 .

[40]  D. Ganster,et al.  Role of social support in the experience of stress at work. , 1986, The Journal of applied psychology.

[41]  S. Jackson,et al.  A meta-analysis and conceptual critique of research on role ambiguity and role conflict in work settings , 1985 .

[42]  L. Frederiksen,et al.  ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR MANAGEMENT , 1981 .

[43]  J. French,et al.  Job demands and worker health : main effects and occupational differences , 1980 .

[44]  B L Margolis,et al.  Job stress: an unlisted occupational hazard. , 1974, Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association.

[45]  R. Kahn,et al.  Organizational Stress: Studies in Role Conflict and Ambiguity. , 1965 .

[46]  G. Staines,et al.  The 1977 quality of employment survey : descriptive statistics, with comparison data from the 1969-70 and the 1972-73 surveys , 1981 .

[47]  R. Turner.  Psychology: An introduction to Behavior Science. , 1974 .

[48]  R. Rahe,et al.  Behavior and life satisfactions characteristics of Swedish subjects with myocardial infarction. , 1972, Journal of chronic diseases.

[49]  L. Levi.  The psychosocial environment and psychosomatic diseases , 1971 .

[50]  Howard N. Fullerton.  The 1995 Labor Force: BLS' Latest Projections , 1985 .

[51]  C. Argyris.  Integrating the individual and the organization , 1964 .

[52]  F. Herzberg.  Work and the nature of man , 1967 .

[53]  汀 細川.  Poverty and Health , 1962 .