Replacing tracheoesophageal voicing sources using LPC synthesis.

The feasibility of using the linear predictive coding (LPC) technique to replace the voicing sources of tracheoesophageal speech was explored. Four vowels, [i], [a], [e], [u], and one diphthong [ou], produced by two male and two female tracheoesophageal speakers were analyzed by the LPC autocorrelation method. Normalized prediction error functions were used to choose the algorithm and the control parameters of the analysis. Poles of the vocal tract transfer function were selected from frames whose normalized prediction errors were close to minimum with criteria derived from transfer functions of normally produced vowels. Vowels were synthesized with the reconstructed transfer function and a synthesized excitation input. Results of an identification task indicated that the synthesized vowels were highly intelligible, and the gender of the speaker was better identified from the synthesized vowels than from the original tracheoesophageal vowels.