Services Instead of Products: Experiences from Energy Markets — Examples from Sweden

The overall objective of energy systems is to provide energy services, at affordable cost and without socially unacceptable side effects. However, energy related security, development, and environmental problems will continue to worsen if present trends in energy demand and the energy supply mix persist. Therefore, energy was a critical area of debate at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. In Agenda 21, chapter 9, two directions for the energy system to evolve were identified: (1) more efficient production, transmission and distribution, and end-use of energy, and (2) greater reliance on environmentally sound energy systems, particularly new and renewable sources of energy (UNCED, 1992).

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