Cold-tolerant phosphate-solubilizing Pseudomonas strains promote wheat growth and yield by improving soil phosphorous (P) nutrition status

It is well-known that phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) promote crop growth and yield. The information regarding characterization of PSB isolated from agroforestry systems and their impact on wheat crops under field conditions is rarely known. In the present study, we aim to develop psychrotroph-based P biofertilizers, and for that, four PSB strains (Pseudomonas sp. L3, Pseudomonas sp. P2, Streptomyces sp. T3, and Streptococcus sp. T4) previously isolated from three different agroforestry zones and already screened for wheat growth under pot trial conditions were evaluated on wheat crop under field conditions. Two field experiments were employed; set 1 includes PSB + recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) and set 2 includes PSB – RDF. In both field experiments, the response of the PSB-treated wheat crop was significantly higher compared to the uninoculated control. In field set 1, an increase of 22% in grain yield (GY), 16% in biological yield (BY), and 10% in grain per spike (GPS) was observed in consortia (CNS, L3 + P2) treatment, followed by L3 and P2 treatments. Inoculation of PSB mitigates soil P deficiency as it positively influences soil alkaline phosphatase (AP) and soil acid phosphatase (AcP) activity which positively correlated with grain NPK %. The highest grain NPK % was reported in CNS-treated wheat with RDF (N–0.26%, P–0.18%, and K-1.66%) and without RDF (N-0.27, P-0.26, and K-1.46%), respectively. All parameters, including soil enzyme activities, plant agronomic data, and yield data were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA), resulting in the selection of two PSB strains. The conditions for optimal P solubilization, in L3 (temperature-18.46, pH–5.2, and glucose concentration–0.8%) and P2 (temperature-17°C, pH–5.0, and glucose concentration–0.89%), were obtained through response surface methodology (RSM) modeling. The P solubilizing potential of selected strains at <20°C makes them a suitable candidate for the development of psychrotroph-based P biofertilizers. Low-temperature P solubilization of the PSB strains from agroforestry systems makes them potential biofertilizers for winter crops.

[1]  D. Shankhdhar,et al.  Improvement of phosphorus uptake, phosphorus use efficiency, and grain yield in upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) in response to phosphate-solubilizing bacteria blended with phosphorus fertilizer , 2022, Pedosphere.

[2]  A. Singh,et al.  FE-SEM/EDX Based Zinc Mobilization Analysis of Burkholderia cepacia and Pantoea rodasii and Their Functional Annotation in Crop Productivity, Soil Quality, and Zinc Biofortification of Paddy , 2022, Frontiers in Microbiology.

[3]  S. Iqbal,et al.  Extracellular polymeric substances in psychrophilic cyanobacteria: A potential bioflocculant and carbon sink to mitigate cold stress , 2022, Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology.

[4]  Parul Chaudhary,et al.  Physiological response of maize plants and its rhizospheric microbiome under the influence of potential bioinoculants and nanochitosan , 2022, Plant and Soil.

[5]  M. Sahgal,et al.  Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) a potential tool to enhance soil health and wheat vigor parameters in pot trial experiment , 2022 .

[6]  P. Ahmad,et al.  Efficacy of citric acid chelate and Bacillus sp. in amelioration of cadmium and chromium toxicity in wheat. , 2021, Chemosphere.

[7]  M. Ansari,et al.  Psychrotolerant Mesorhizobium sp. Isolated from Temperate and Cold Desert Regions Solubilizes Potassium and Produces Multiple Plant Growth Promoting Metabolites , 2021, Molecules.

[8]  N. Fahsi,et al.  Phosphate solubilizing rhizobacteria isolated from jujube ziziphus lotus plant stimulate wheat germination rate and seedlings growth , 2021, PeerJ.

[9]  Anshu,et al.  Rhizosphere mediated growth enhancement using phosphate solubilizing rhizobacteria and their tri-calcium phosphate solubilization activity under pot culture assays in Rice (Oryza sativa.) , 2021, Saudi journal of biological sciences.

[10]  A. Bahkali,et al.  Inoculation of Klebsiella variicola Alleviated Salt Stress and Improved Growth and Nutrients in Wheat and Maize , 2021 .

[11]  R. Datta,et al.  Effects of the Combinations of Rhizobacteria, Mycorrhizae, and Seaweed, and Supplementary Irrigation on Growth and Yield in Wheat Cultivars , 2021, Plants.

[12]  A. Pandey,et al.  Plant Growth Promotion at Low Temperature by Phosphate-Solubilizing Pseudomonas Spp. Isolated from High-Altitude Himalayan Soil , 2021, Microbial Ecology.

[13]  A. Basu,et al.  Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) as Green Bioinoculants: Recent Developments, Constraints, and Prospects , 2021, Sustainability.

[14]  A. Suman,et al.  Phenetic and Molecular Diversity of Nitrogen Fixating Plant Growth Promoting Azotobacter Isolated from Semiarid Regions of India , 2021, BioMed Research International.

[15]  A. Siedliska,et al.  Identification of plant leaf phosphorus content at different growth stages based on hyperspectral reflectance , 2021, BMC Plant Biology.

[16]  Saima Hamid,et al.  Production of Antibiotics from PGPR and Their Role in Biocontrol of Plant Diseases , 2021 .

[17]  M. Jorquera,et al.  Isolation and Characterization of Cold-Tolerant Hyper-ACC-Degrading Bacteria from the Rhizosphere, Endosphere, and Phyllosphere of Antarctic Vascular Plants , 2020, Microorganisms.

[18]  A. Podile,et al.  Functional and molecular characterization of plant growth promoting Bacillus isolates from tomato rhizosphere , 2020, Heliyon.

[19]  C. Ghoulam,et al.  Phosphate Solubilizing Rhizobacteria Could Have a Stronger Influence on Wheat Root Traits and Aboveground Physiology Than Rhizosphere P Solubilization , 2020, Frontiers in Plant Science.

[20]  Monther M. Tahat,et al.  Soil Health and Sustainable Agriculture , 2020, Sustainability.

[21]  Ying Wang,et al.  Drought-tolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria isolated from jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) and their potential to enhance drought tolerance , 2020, Plant and Soil.

[22]  Roshani,et al.  Development of potential microbial consortia and their assessment on wheat (Triticum aestivum) seed germination. , 2020 .

[23]  K. Pandiyan,et al.  Zinc-Solubilizing Microbes for Sustainable Crop Production: Current Understanding, Opportunities, and Challenges , 2020 .

[24]  You Liang,et al.  Pyrimethanil ionic liquids paired with various natural organic acid anions for reducing its adverse impacts on the environment. , 2019, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[25]  M. Saleem,et al.  Investigating the effect of Azospirillum brasilense and Rhizobium pisi on agronomic traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) , 2019, Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science.

[26]  Ajar Nath Yadav,et al.  Psychrotrophic Microbes: Biodiversity, Mechanisms of Adaptation, and Biotechnological Implications in Alleviation of Cold Stress in Plants , 2019, Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria for Sustainable Stress Management.

[27]  M. Sahgal,et al.  Multitrate phosphate solubilizing bacteria from Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. rhizosphere in natural forests of Indian Central Himalayas. , 2019 .

[28]  D. Maithani,et al.  Interaction between Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. and Pseudomonas koreensis AS15 Strain is Cultivar Specific , 2018, International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences.

[29]  M. S. Mirza,et al.  Phosphate solubilizing bacteria with glucose dehydrogenase gene for phosphorus uptake and beneficial effects on wheat , 2018, PloS one.

[30]  L. Nassiri,et al.  Soil Properties Related to the Occurrence of Rock Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria in the Rhizosphere Soil of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) in Morocco , 2018 .

[31]  T. Stobdan,et al.  Stress tolerance and plant growth promotion potential of Enterobacter ludwigii PS1 isolated from Seabuckthorn rhizosphere , 2018 .

[32]  W. Guan,et al.  Soil carbon storage in mangroves is primarily controlled by soil properties: A study at Dongzhai Bay, China. , 2018, The Science of the total environment.

[33]  G. K. Joshi,et al.  Plant growth promoting traits of psychrotolerant bacteria: A boon for agriculture in hilly terrains , 2018 .

[34]  A. Succurro,et al.  The Role of Soil Microorganisms in Plant Mineral Nutrition—Current Knowledge and Future Directions , 2017, Front. Plant Sci..

[35]  S. Iqbal,et al.  Optimization and modeling of glyphosate biodegradation by a novel Comamonas odontotermitis P2 through response surface methodology , 2017 .

[36]  O. Babalola,et al.  Microbial Phosphorus Solubilization and Its Potential for Use in Sustainable Agriculture , 2017, Front. Microbiol..

[37]  S. Babu,et al.  Compatibility of Azospirillum brasilense and Pseudomonas fluorescens in growth promotion of groundnut ( Arachis hypogea L.). , 2017, Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias.

[38]  P. K. Agrawal,et al.  Evaluation of bioactive secondary metabolites from endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis neglecta BAB-5510 isolated from leaves of Cupressus torulosa D.Don , 2016, 3 Biotech.

[39]  Y. Oki,et al.  Phosphorus Stress-Induced Differential Growth, and Phosphorus Acquisition and Use Efficiency by Spring Wheat Cultivars , 2016 .

[40]  Xiaodong Zhuang,et al.  Boron, nitrogen, and phosphorous ternary doped graphene aerogel with hierarchically porous structures as highly efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction , 2016 .

[41]  A. Schlichting,et al.  Efficiency of portable chlorophyll meters in assessing the nutritional status of wheat plants , 2015 .

[42]  I. Banat,et al.  Impact of a Microbial-Enhanced Oil Recovery Field Trial on Microbial Communities in a Low-Temperature Heavy Oil Reservoir , 2015 .

[43]  Ashish Sharma,et al.  Growth promotion of the rice genotypes by pgprs isolated from rice rhizosphere , 2014 .

[44]  L. Tran,et al.  Understanding plant responses to phosphorus starvation for improvement of plant tolerance to phosphorus deficiency by biotechnological approaches , 2014, Critical reviews in biotechnology.

[45]  E. Rice,et al.  TOTAL VIABLE COUNTS | Pour Plate Technique , 2014 .

[46]  Seema B. Sharma,et al.  Phosphate solubilizing microbes: sustainable approach for managing phosphorus deficiency in agricultural soils , 2013, SpringerPlus.

[47]  J. K. Bisht,et al.  Rock phosphate solubilization by psychrotolerant Pseudomonas spp. and their effect on lentil growth and nutrient uptake under polyhouse conditions , 2013, Annals of Microbiology.

[48]  Zhenyao Shen,et al.  Spatial and temporal variations in nitrogen and phosphorous nutrients in the Yangtze River Estuary. , 2012, Marine pollution bulletin.

[49]  Mahaveer P. Sharma,et al.  Characterization of zinc-solubilizing Bacillus isolates and their potential to influence zinc assimilation in soybean seeds. , 2012, Journal of microbiology and biotechnology.

[50]  V. Sahai,et al.  Inoculation of root microorganisms for sustainable wheat–rice and wheat–black gram rotations in India , 2011 .

[51]  A. Gulati,et al.  Cold-adapted and rhizosphere-competent strain of Rahnella sp. with broad-spectrum plant growth-promotion potential. , 2010, Journal of microbiology and biotechnology.

[52]  Y. Bashan,et al.  Rock-degrading endophytic bacteria in cacti , 2009 .

[53]  G. Archana,et al.  Variation in the Nature of Organic Acid Secretion and Mineral Phosphate Solubilization by Citrobacter sp. DHRSS in the Presence of Different Sugars , 2008, Current Microbiology.

[54]  .. A.K.Akintokun,et al.  Solubilization of Insoluble Phosphate by Organic Acid-Producing Fungi Isolated from Nigerian Soil , 2007 .

[55]  K. A. Malik,et al.  Plant root associated bacteria for zinc mobilization in rice , 2007 .

[56]  M. Thangaraju,et al.  Solubilization of zinc compounds by the diazotrophic, plant growth promoting bacterium Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus. , 2007, Chemosphere.

[57]  C. Vance,et al.  Phosphorus acquisition and use: critical adaptations by plants for securing a nonrenewable resource. , 2003, The New phytologist.

[58]  M. Boehm,et al.  Hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate in sphagnum peat container media for predicting suppressiveness to damping-off caused by Pythium ultimum , 1991 .

[59]  P. K. Chakrabartty,et al.  SOLUBILIZATION OF ROCK PHOSPHATE BY RHIZOBIUM AND BRADYRHIZOBIUM , 1990 .

[60]  A. Page.  Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. Chemical and microbiological properties. , 1982 .

[61]  J. Hiscox,et al.  A method for the extraction of chlorophyll from leaf tissue without maceration , 1979 .

[62]  J. M. Bremner,et al.  Use of p-nitrophenyl phosphate for assay of soil phosphatase activity , 1969 .

[63]  C. A. Bower,et al.  Soluble Salts 1 , 1965 .

[64]  C. I. Rich.  Soil Chemical Analysis , 1958 .

[65]  R. Pikovskaya.  Mobilization of phosphorus in soil in connection with the vital activity of some microbial species , 1948 .

[66]  A. Walkley,et al.  AN EXAMINATION OF THE DEGTJAREFF METHOD FOR DETERMINING SOIL ORGANIC MATTER, AND A PROPOSED MODIFICATION OF THE CHROMIC ACID TITRATION METHOD , 1934 .

[67]  C. H. Fiske,et al.  THE COLORIMETRIC DETERMINATION OF PHOSPHORUS , 1925 .