Sensor Node Network for Remote Moisture Measurement in Timber Based on Bluetooth Low Energy and Web-Based Monitoring System

This paper proposes an IoT system based on wireless BLE connectivity to monitor the moisture content of wood, using a compact and low-cost moisture device that relies on a resistance measurement method valid for an ultra-wide range of resistance values. This device is digitally controlled with a BLE-incorporated micro-controller characterized by its small size and low power consumption, providing long-life battery. The proposed system consists of two main parts: first, the BLE moisture device including the moisture content measurement and wireless capability (BLE); second, the cloud-based monitoring platform, providing remote visualization and control for all the sensor nodes of the network. The complete infrastructure shows how multiple nodes can read and transmit moisture content of timber in buildings using small and unattended devices, with data saved in a central database and monitored by multiple commercial devices such as PC, smartphone, tablet, etc. The proposed system is innovative, scalable and low cost, and it can be deployed in wooden buildings and the wood industry, providing a practical solution that will help to avoid rot and other damaging effects caused by the moisture content.

[1]  Christian Brischke,et al.  Measurement system for long-term recording of wood moisture content with internal conductively glued electrodes , 2008 .

[2]  Matthew S. Reynolds,et al.  BLE-Backscatter: Ultralow-Power IoT Nodes Compatible With Bluetooth 4.0 Low Energy (BLE) Smartphones and Tablets , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[3]  Il-Woo Lee,et al.  An efficient energy monitoring method based on Bluetooth Low Energy , 2016, 2016 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE).

[4]  Matti Siekkinen,et al.  How low energy is bluetooth low energy? Comparative measurements with ZigBee/802.15.4 , 2012, 2012 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference Workshops (WCNCW).

[5]  Carlos Morón,et al.  Measurement of Moisture in Wood for Application in the Restoration of Old Buildings , 2016, Sensors.

[6]  Taras Iakymchuk,et al.  Novel Resistance Measurement Method: Analysis of Accuracy and Thermal Dependence with Applications in Fiber Materials , 2016, Sensors.

[7]  Feng Xiang,et al.  BLE Neighbor Discovery Parameter Configuration for IoT Applications , 2019, IEEE Access.

[8]  K. A. Patil,et al.  A model for smart agriculture using IoT , 2016, 2016 International Conference on Global Trends in Signal Processing, Information Computing and Communication (ICGTSPICC).

[9]  Bimo Sunarfri Hantono,et al.  Development of embedded gateway for Wireless Sensor Network and Internet Protocol interoperability , 2014, 2014 6th International Conference on Information Technology and Electrical Engineering (ICITEE).

[10]  Marco Aiello,et al.  Comparison of energy consumption in Wi-Fi and bluetooth communication in a Smart Building , 2017, 2017 IEEE 7th Annual Computing and Communication Workshop and Conference (CCWC).

[11]  Daniel Minoli,et al.  IoT Security (IoTSec) Mechanisms for e-Health and Ambient Assisted Living Applications , 2017, 2017 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Connected Health: Applications, Systems and Engineering Technologies (CHASE).

[12]  H. Yamamoto,et al.  Performance Anomalies of Advanced Web Server Architectures in Realistic Environments , 2006, 2006 8th International Conference Advanced Communication Technology.

[13]  Aris Triwiyatno,et al.  Sentinel web: Implementation of Laravel framework in web based temperature and humidity monitoring system , 2015, 2015 2nd International Conference on Information Technology, Computer, and Electrical Engineering (ICITACEE).

[14]  Stenly Ibrahim Adam,et al.  A New PHP Web Application Development Framework Based on MVC Architectural Pattern and Ajax Technology , 2019, 2019 1st International Conference on Cybernetics and Intelligent System (ICORIS).

[15]  Vaishali D. Khairnar,et al.  Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) Crackdown Using IoT , 2018, 2018 International Conference on Inventive Research in Computing Applications (ICIRCA).

[16]  Adenauer C. Yamin,et al.  A distributed event-driven architectural model based on situational awareness applied on internet of things , 2019, Inf. Softw. Technol..

[17]  Gabriel Roque,et al.  LPWAN Based IoT Surveillance System for Outdoor Fire Detection , 2020, IEEE Access.

[18]  Marlon E. Pierce,et al.  Twitter bootstrap and AngularJS: Frontend frameworks to expedite science gateway development , 2013, 2013 IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (CLUSTER).

[19]  Carles Gomez,et al.  Opportunistic Sensor Data Collection with Bluetooth Low Energy , 2017, Sensors.

[20]  Anssi J. Makynen,et al.  Determination of wood moisture content using angularly, spatially and spectrally resolved reflectance , 2011, 2011 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference.

[21]  Khan A. Wahid,et al.  COVID-SAFE: An IoT-Based System for Automated Health Monitoring and Surveillance in Post-Pandemic Life , 2020, IEEE Access.

[22]  R. Cumplido,et al.  FPGA implementation cost and performance evaluation of the IEEE 802.16e and IEEE 802.11i security architectures based on AES-CCM , 2008, 2008 5th International Conference on Electrical Engineering, Computing Science and Automatic Control.

[23]  Mohammad Shorif Uddin,et al.  Cloud-based solution for improvement of response time of MySQL RDBMS , 2016, 2016 International Workshop on Computational Intelligence (IWCI).

[24]  Jon Crowcroft,et al.  Bluetooth Low Energy Mesh Networks: A Standards Perspective , 2020, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[25]  P. C. Jain,et al.  Water Level Monitoring and Management of Dams using IoT , 2018, 2018 3rd International Conference On Internet of Things: Smart Innovation and Usages (IoT-SIU).

[26]  Nidal Nasser,et al.  Self-Aware Autonomous City: From Sensing to Planning , 2019, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[27]  Carles Gomez,et al.  Overview and Evaluation of Bluetooth Low Energy: An Emerging Low-Power Wireless Technology , 2012, Sensors.

[28]  Yu Zhou,et al.  The Security Analysis of MySQL's Encryption Functions , 2015, 2015 International Conference on Computer Science and Mechanical Automation (CSMA).

[29]  Neeraj Kumar,et al.  Fog computing for Healthcare 4.0 environment: Opportunities and challenges , 2018, Comput. Electr. Eng..

[30]  Adian Fatchur Rochim,et al.  Sistem Pengukur Suhu dan Kelembaban Ruang Server , 2014 .

[31]  Giovanni Pau,et al.  A Solution Based on Bluetooth Low Energy for Smart Home Energy Management , 2015 .

[32]  Homam El-Taj,et al.  Active e-mail system SMTP protocol monitoring algorithm , 2009, 2009 2nd IEEE International Conference on Broadband Network & Multimedia Technology.