The Right to Do Wrong: Lying to Parents Among Adolescents and Emerging Adults

In this study, 229 high school students and 261 college students evaluated the acceptability of lying to parents under 19 different circumstances where a person's motive for lying differed. Students also indicated the frequency with which they had lied to their parents about diverse issue such as friends, dates, and money. Results indicated that adolescents and emerging adults quite commonly lied to their parents, and that in part they framed lying to parents as a way to assert the right to autonomy. Emerging adults were less accepting of lying and reported less frequent lying, compared to adolescents. Results also showed the association of sex, personality (self-restraint and tolerance of deviance), and family environment (control and cohesion) upon adolescents' and emerging adults' acceptance of lying to parents and lying behavior.

[1]  J. Smetana,et al.  Adolescents' and parents' conceptions of parental authority and personal autonomy. , 1994, Child development.

[2]  M. Stouthamer-Loeber Lying as a problem behavior in children: A review , 1986 .

[3]  L. Kohlberg,et al.  The Philosophy Of Moral Development , 1982 .

[4]  Loretta N. McGregor,et al.  Academic Dishonesty: Prevalence, Determinants, Techniques, and Punishments , 1992 .

[5]  J. Carlsmith,et al.  Single parents, extended households, and the control of adolescents. , 1985, Child development.

[6]  J. Allen,et al.  Adolescent-parent relationships and leaving home in young adulthood. , 1996, New directions for child development.

[7]  J. Piaget The Moral Judgment of the Child , 1932 .

[8]  S. Feldman,et al.  Self-restraint as a mediator of family influences on boys' delinquent behavior: a longitudinal study. , 1994, Child development.

[9]  D. A. Weinberger,et al.  Distress and self-restraint as measures of adjustment across the life span: Confirmatory factor analyses in clinical and nonclinical samples. , 1997 .

[10]  Elliot Turiel,et al.  The development of social knowledge , 1983 .

[11]  H. Asher Causal modeling , 1976 .

[12]  S. Feldman,et al.  The (Un)Acceptability of Betrayal: A Study of College Students' Evaluations of Sexual Betrayal by a Romantic Partner and Betrayal of a Friend's Confidence , 2000 .

[13]  Kang Lee,et al.  The Concept of Lying in Adolescents and Young Adults: Testing Sweetser's Folkloristic Model. , 1997 .

[14]  B. Depaulo,et al.  Who lies? , 1996, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[15]  J. Arnett,et al.  The (Un)Acceptability of Violence against Peers and Dates , 2000 .

[16]  J. Smetana,et al.  Adolescents' and parents' conceptions of parental authority. , 1988, Child development.

[17]  J. Arnett,et al.  Learning to Stand Alone: The Contemporary American Transition to Adulthood in Cultural and Historical Context , 1998, Human Development.

[18]  M. Killen,et al.  Adolescents' and young adults' reasoning about career choice and the role of parental influence. , 1999 .

[19]  R. Loeber,et al.  Boys who lie , 1986, Journal of abnormal child psychology.

[20]  Nancy L. Roth,et al.  Communication Strategies for Addressing Academic Dishonesty. , 1995 .

[21]  Jacqueline J. Goodnow,et al.  Impact of parental discipline methods on the child's internalization of values: A reconceptualization of current points of view. , 1994 .

[22]  C. Peterson The role of perceived intention to deceive in children's and adults' concepts of lying , 1995 .

[23]  C. Peterson,et al.  Developmental changes in ideas about lying. , 1983, Child development.

[24]  J. Arnett Young People's Conceptions of the Transition to Adulthood , 1997 .

[25]  L. Keltikangas-Järvinen,et al.  Evaluation of Theft, Lying, and Fighting in Adolescence , 1997 .

[26]  B. Depaulo,et al.  Lying in everyday life. , 1996, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[27]  A. Strichartz,et al.  Lies and truth: a study of the development of the concept. , 1990, Child development.

[28]  P. Baltes,et al.  Life Span Development and Behavior , 1978 .

[29]  S. Dornbusch,et al.  Family Decision Making and Academic Performance in a Diverse High School Population , 1990 .

[30]  J. Arnett Reckless behavior in adolescence: A developmental perspective , 1992 .

[31]  Elizabeth Cauffman,et al.  It's Wrong, But Everybody Does It: Academic Dishonesty among High School and College Students , 2002 .

[32]  Mitchell B. Chamlin,et al.  Academic dishonesty and low self‐control: An empirical test of a general theory of crime , 1998 .

[33]  Svenn Lindskold,et al.  Categories for Acceptability of Lies , 1983 .

[34]  J. Smetana Adolescents' and parents' reasoning about actual family conflict. , 1989, Child development.

[35]  H. Brinton Adolescents at risk. , 1973, Community health.

[36]  L. Kohlberg The Philosophy of Moral Development Moral Stages and the Idea of Justice , 1981 .

[37]  S. Bok,et al.  Lying: Moral Choice in Public and Private Life , 1979 .

[38]  L. Kohlberg The Psychology Of Moral Development , 1984 .

[39]  T. J. Berndt,et al.  Transitions in Friendship and Friends' Influence , 2018, Transitions Through Adolescence.

[40]  R. DiClemente,et al.  Adolescents at Risk , 1996 .

[41]  A. Tesser,et al.  Deceptive Behavior in Social Relationships: A Consequence of Violated Expectations , 1988 .

[42]  J. Smetana Concepts of self and social convention: Adolescents' and parents' reasoning about hypothetical and actual family conflicts. , 1988 .

[43]  Bruce J. Biddle,et al.  Causality, confirmation, credulity, and structural equation modeling. , 1987 .

[44]  K. Bussey Lying and Truthfulness: Children's Definitions, Standards, and Evaluative Reactions , 1992 .

[45]  J. Arnett Emerging adulthood. A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. , 2000, The American psychologist.

[46]  D. Offer The psychological world of the teen-ager : a study of normal adolescent boys , 1969 .

[47]  T. J. Berndt,et al.  Developmental Changes in Conformity to Peers and Parents , 1979 .