Spatial Data Analysis: Theory and Practice

Preface Readership Acknowledgements Introduction Part I. The Context for Spatial Data Analysis: 1. Spatial data analysis: scientific and policy context 2. The nature of spatial data Part II. Spatial Data: Obtaining Data And Quality Issues: 3. Obtaining spatial data through sampling 4. Data quality: implications for spatial data analysis Part III. The Exploratory Analysis of Spatial Data: 5. Exploratory analysis of spatial data 6. Exploratory spatial data analysis: visualisation methods 7. Exploratory spatial data analysis: numerical methods Part IV. Hypothesis Testing in the Presence of Spatial Autocorrelation: 8. Hypothesis testing in the presence of spatial dependence Part V. Modeling Spatial Data: 9. Models for the statistical analysis of spatial data 10. Statistical modeling of spatial variation: descriptive modeling 11. Statistical modeling of spatial variation: explanatory modeling Appendices References Index.

[1]  A. Rigby,et al.  Errors in postcode to enumeration district mapping and their effect on small area analyses of health data. , 1998, Journal of public health medicine.

[2]  R. Webster,et al.  Optimal interpolation and isarithmic mapping of soil properties: I The semi‐variogram and punctual kriging , 1980, European Journal of Soil Science.

[3]  Robert Haining,et al.  Spatial Pricing in Interdependent Markets: Testing Assumptions and Modeling Price Variation. A Case Study of Gasoline Retailing in St Cloud, Minnesota , 1998 .

[4]  Christophe Perruchet,et al.  Constrained agglomerative hierarchical classification , 1983, Pattern Recognit..

[5]  J. Besag.  Spatial Interaction and the Statistical Analysis of Lattice Systems , 1974 .

[6]  Annette J. Dobson,et al.  An introduction to generalized linear models , 1991 .

[7]  L Bernardinelli,et al.  Empirical Bayes versus fully Bayesian analysis of geographical variation in disease risk. , 1992, Statistics in medicine.

[8]  M. Aitkin,et al.  Statistical Modelling Issues in School Effectiveness Studies , 1986 .

[9]  Daniel A. Griffith,et al.  Error Propagation Modeling in Raster GIS: Adding and Ratioing Operations , 1999 .

[10]  Jack Cuzick,et al.  Small-area studies: purpose and methods , 1996 .

[11]  Edward J. Masuoka,et al.  The influence of autocorrelation in signature extraction: An example from a geobotanical investigation of Cotter Basin, Montana , 1984 .

[12]  Stephen F. Knack,et al.  Does Social Capital Have an Economic Payoff? A Cross-Country Investigation , 1997 .

[13]  J. Besag,et al.  On conditional and intrinsic autoregressions , 1995 .

[14]  L Knorr-Held,et al.  Bayesian Detection of Clusters and Discontinuities in Disease Maps , 2000, Biometrics.

[15]  John Luke Gallup,et al.  Geography and Economic Development , 1998 .

[16]  D. Dockery,et al.  An association between air pollution and mortality in six U.S. cities. , 1993, The New England journal of medicine.

[17]  Anthony J. Venables,et al.  But Why Does Geography Matter, and Which Geography Matters? , 1999 .

[18]  J. Besag,et al.  Bayesian image restoration, with two applications in spatial statistics , 1991 .

[19]  M. Porter.  The Competitive Advantage Of Nations , 1990 .

[20]  Geoffrey M. Jacquez,et al.  From fields to objects: A review of geographic boundary analysis , 2000, J. Geogr. Syst..

[21]  Robert Haining,et al.  SPATIAL PRICING IN INTERDEPENDENT MARHETS , 1992 .

[22]  K Ulm,et al.  A simple method to calculate the confidence interval of a standardized mortality ratio (SMR) , 1990, American journal of epidemiology.

[23]  G. Chow.  Tests of equality between sets of coefficients in two linear regressions (econometrics voi 28 , 1960 .

[24]  Anthony C. Gatrell,et al.  Distance and Space: A Geographical Perspective , 1983 .

[25]  Yukio Sadahiro,et al.  Accuracy of areal interpolation: A comparison of alternative methods , 1999, J. Geogr. Syst..

[26]  C. E. Gehlke,et al.  Certain Effects of Grouping upon the Size of the Correlation Coefficient in Census Tract Material , 1934 .

[27]  D. Clayton,et al.  Empirical Bayes estimates of age-standardized relative risks for use in disease mapping. , 1987, Biometrics.

[28]  R. J. Martin.  Information loss due to incomplete data from a spatial gaussian one-parameter first-order conditional process , 1989 .

[29]  Simon Raybould,et al.  Road Traffic Accidents Involving Children in North-East England , 1995 .

[30]  A. Lawson,et al.  Spatial mixture relative risk models applied to disease mapping , 2002, Statistics in medicine.

[31]  Anil K. Jain,et al.  Markov Random Field Texture Models , 1983, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[32]  R. Haining,et al.  Estimating spatial means with an application to remotely sensed data , 1988 .

[33]  M. Choynowski.  Maps Based on Probabilities , 1959 .

[34]  R. Haining.  DIAGNOSTICS FOR REGRESSION MODELING IN SPATIAL ECONOMETRICS , 1994 .

[35]  Tom Leonard,et al.  Some Philosophies of Inference and Modelling , 1983 .

[36]  Michael Ostland,et al.  Response to King's Comment , 1999 .

[37]  B. Ripley.  Statistical inference for spatial processes , 1990 .

[38]  Sergio J. Rey,et al.  US Regional Income Convergence: A Spatial Econometric Perspective , 1999 .

[39]  Michael Edward Hohn,et al.  An Introduction to Applied Geostatistics: by Edward H. Isaaks and R. Mohan Srivastava, 1989, Oxford University Press, New York, 561 p., ISBN 0-19-505012-6, ISBN 0-19-505013-4 (paperback), $55.00 cloth, $35.00 paper (US) , 1991 .

[40]  M. Ehlers,et al.  Comparative evaluations of the geodetic accuracy and cartographic potential of Landsat-4 and Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper image data , 1985 .

[41]  G. Casella,et al.  Explaining the Gibbs Sampler , 1992 .

[42]  M. Bartlett.  Measles Periodicity and Community Size , 1957 .

[43]  M Braga,et al.  Exploratory tools for disease mapping in geographical epidemiology. , 1995, Statistics in medicine.

[44]  Nicholas T. Longford,et al.  Multivariate shrinkage estimation of small area means and proportions , 1999 .

[45]  D. F. Morrison,et al.  Multivariate Statistical Methods , 1968 .

[46]  Edward J. Wegman,et al.  Huge Data Sets and the Frontiers of Computational Feasibility , 1995 .

[47]  S. Lele,et al.  A Composite Likelihood Approach to Binary Spatial Data , 1998 .

[48]  Geoffrey M. Jacquez,et al.  Area-based tests for association between spatial patterns , 2002, J. Geogr. Syst..

[49]  L Knorr-Held,et al.  Modelling risk from a disease in time and space. , 1998, Statistics in medicine.

[50]  Ron Johnston,et al.  The Neighbourhood Effect Revisited: Spatial Science or Political Regionalism? , 1986 .

[51]  M. L. Labovitz,et al.  Sources of variation in Landsat autocorrelation , 1980 .

[52]  Michael Tiefelsdorf,et al.  The Exact Distribution of Moran's I , 1995 .

[53]  H. D. McKay,et al.  Juvenile Delinquency and Urban Areas , 1943 .

[54]  Henk J. Scholten,et al.  The added value of geographical information systems in public and environmental health , 1995 .

[55]  Peter A. Rogerson,et al.  Spatial Analysis and GIS , 1994 .

[56]  George W. Williams,et al.  Spatial Aspects of Influenza Epidemics. , 1988 .

[57]  R. Webster,et al.  A geostatistical basis for spatial weighting in multivariate classification , 1989 .

[58]  G. Christakos.  On the Problem of Permissible Covariance and Variogram Models , 1984 .

[59]  Peter Congdon.  Bayesian statistical modelling , 2002 .

[60]  M. Monmonier.  How to Lie with Maps , 1991 .

[61]  Noel A Cressie,et al.  Spatial data-analysis of regional counts , 1989 .

[62]  Peter A. Dowd,et al.  The Variogram and Kriging: Robust and Resistant Estimators , 1984 .

[63]  W. Middlebrook,et al.  Thematic maps: Their design and production , 1982 .

[64]  Ralph Bernstein,et al.  Analysis And Processing of LANDSAT-4 Sensor Data Using Advanced Image Processing Techniques And Technologies , 1984, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[65]  J. Besag.  Statistical Analysis of Non-Lattice Data , 1975 .

[66]  Frederick F. Stephan,et al.  Sampling Errors and Interpretations of Social Data Ordered in Time and Space , 1934 .

[67]  P Elliott,et al.  Issues in the statistical analysis of small area health data. , 1999, Statistics in medicine.

[68]  E. Casetti,et al.  Applications of the Expansion Method , 1991 .

[69]  A. Gatrell,et al.  GIS and health , 1998 .

[70]  D. Unwin.  Geographical information systems and the problem of 'error and uncertainty' , 1995 .

[71]  Harry H. Kelejian,et al.  Spatial Correlation: A Suggested Alternative to the Autoregressive Model , 1995 .

[72]  Barbara P. Buttenfield,et al.  Expert Systems in Cartographic Design , 1991 .

[73]  Jonathan M. Graham,et al.  Autologistic Model of Spatial Pattern of Phytophthora Epidemic in Bell Pepper: Effects of Soil Variables on Disease Presence , 1997 .

[74]  Andrew U. Frank,et al.  Concepts and Paradigms in Spatial Information: Are Current Geographical Information Systems Truly Generic? , 1995, Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci..

[75]  N. Cressie.  Fitting variogram models by weighted least squares , 1985 .

[76]  B. Turnbull,et al.  Monitoring for clusters of disease: application to leukemia incidence in upstate New York. , 1990, American journal of epidemiology.

[77]  N. Cressie,et al.  Spatial Modeling of Regional Variables , 1993 .

[78]  John W. C. Johnstone.  Social Class, Social Areas and Delinquency. , 1978 .

[79]  Adalbert Wilhelmt,et al.  Interactive statistical analysis of dialect features , 1998 .

[80]  D. H. McLain,et al.  Drawing Contours from Arbitrary Data Points , 1974, Comput. J..

[81]  Mark Gahegan,et al.  Four barriers to the development of effective exploratory visualisation tools for the geosciences , 1999, Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci..

[82]  Erwin Bolthausen,et al.  On the Central Limit Theorem for Stationary Mixing Random Fields , 1982 .

[83]  J. F. C. Kingman,et al.  Markov Models for Spatial Variation , 1975 .

[84]  J. MacQueen.  Some methods for classification and analysis of multivariate observations , 1967 .

[85]  A. K. Bregt,et al.  Complementary use of thermal imagery and spectral analysis of soil properties and wheat yields to reveal cyclic patterns in the Flevopolders , 1985 .

[86]  D. J. Unwin,et al.  Control Point Distribution in Trend Surface Modelling Revisited: An Application of the Concept of Leverage , 1987 .

[87]  P. Diggle,et al.  Case-control isotonic regression for investigation of elevation in risk around a point source. , 1999, Statistics in medicine.

[88]  P. Diggle,et al.  Non-parametric estimation of spatial variation in relative risk. , 1995, Statistics in medicine.

[89]  Peter A. Rogerson,et al.  The Detection of Clusters Using a Spatial Version of the Chi‐Square Goodness‐of‐Fit Statistic , 1999 .

[90]  Robert Haining,et al.  Spatial Pricing in Interdependent Markets: A Case Study of Petrol Retailing in Sheffield , 2003 .

[91]  S. Guptill,et al.  Elements of Spatial Data Quality , 1995 .

[92]  Dag Tjøstheim,et al.  A measure of association for spatial variables , 1978 .

[93]  J. Besag,et al.  Generalized Monte Carlo significance tests , 1989 .

[94]  Judy M. Olson,et al.  NONCONTIGUOUS AREA CARTOGRAMS , 1976 .

[95]  D. Shepard,et al.  Computer Mapping: The SYMAP Interpolation Algorithm , 1984 .

[96]  D Hémon,et al.  Assessing the significance of the correlation between two spatial processes. , 1989, Biometrics.

[97]  Jason Dykes,et al.  Cartographic visualization: exploratory spatial data analysis with local indicators of spatial association using Tcl/Tk and cdv , 1998 .

[98]  Ben Armstrong,et al.  Comments on the papers by Guthrie and Sheppard, Best et al., Chambers and Steel and Darby et al. , 2001 .

[99]  J. Bithell.  An application of density estimation to geographical epidemiology. , 1990, Statistics in medicine.

[100]  Robert Weibel,et al.  A review and conceptual framework of automated map generalization , 1988, Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci..

[101]  A. Milne,et al.  THE CENTRIC SYSTEMATIC AREA-SAMPLE TREATED AS A RANDOM SAMPLE , 1959 .

[102]  R. Haining.  Spatial Data Analysis in the Social and Environmental Sciences , 1990 .

[103]  G. Yule.  Why do we Sometimes get Nonsense-Correlations between Time-Series?--A Study in Sampling and the Nature of Time-Series , 1926 .

[104]  G. Rushton,et al.  Exploratory spatial analysis of birth defect rates in an urban population. , 1996, Statistics in medicine.

[105]  Barry Boots,et al.  Comments on the Use of Eigenfunctions to Measure Structural Properties of Geographic Networks , 1982 .

[106]  Andrea Cerioli,et al.  MODIFIED TESTS OF INDEPENDENCE IN 2 X 2 TABLES WITH SPATIAL DATA , 1997 .

[107]  Mark Bartlett,et al.  The Critical Community Size for Measles in the United States , 1960 .

[108]  Drew Decker,et al.  GIS Data Sources , 2000 .

[109]  J. Womersley,et al.  The use of mapping in public health and planning health services. , 1997, Journal of public health medicine.

[110]  C. Morphet,et al.  The Mapping of Small-Area Census Data—A Consideration of the Role of Enumeration District Boundaries , 1993, Environment & planning A.

[111]  J. Carter,et al.  The Effect Of Data Precision On The Calculation Of Slope And Aspect Using Gridded Dems , 1992 .

[112]  Helen Couclelis,et al.  Cellular Worlds: A Framework for Modeling Micro—Macro Dynamics , 1985 .

[113]  Luc Anselin,et al.  EFFICIENT ALGORITHMS FOR CONSTRUCTING PROPER HIGHER ORDER SPATIAL LAG OPERATORS , 1996 .

[114]  Richard Dunn,et al.  A Dynamic Approach to Two-Variable Color Mapping , 1989 .

[115]  S. Marion,et al.  Outbreak of toxoplasmosis associated with municipal drinking water , 1997, The Lancet.

[116]  Greg J. Duncan,et al.  Do Neighborhoods Influence Child and Adolescent Development? , 1993, American Journal of Sociology.

[117]  Robert Haining,et al.  Estimation with heteroscedastic and correlated errors: A spatial analysis of intra-urban mortality data , 1991 .

[118]  W. S. Robinson.  Ecological correlations and the behavior of individuals. , 1950, International journal of epidemiology.

[119]  Daniel A. Griffith,et al.  A STATISTICAL APPROACH TO THE PROBLEM OF MISSING SPATIAL DATA USING A FIRST‐ORDER MARKOV MODEL , 1984 .

[120]  Gennady Andrienko,et al.  Exploring spatial data with dominant attribute map and parallel coordinates , 2001 .

[121]  Edward M. Mikhail,et al.  Observations And Least Squares , 1983 .

[122]  E. H. Simpson,et al.  The Interpretation of Interaction in Contingency Tables , 1951 .

[123]  Glenn Firebaugh,et al.  A Rule for Inferring Individual-Level Relationships from Aggregate Data , 1978 .

[124]  Edward J. Wegman,et al.  Image grand tour , 1998, Defense, Security, and Sensing.

[125]  C Montomoli,et al.  Spatial correlation in ecological analysis. , 1993, International journal of epidemiology.

[126]  Ronald P. Barry,et al.  Spatiotemporal Autoregressive Models of Neighborhood Effects , 1998 .

[127]  Antony Unwin,et al.  SPIDER - an interactive statistical tool for the analysis of spatially distributed data , 1990, Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci..

[128]  Owen L Lloyd,et al.  The Exploration of the Possible Relationship Between Deaths, Births and Air Pollution in Scottish Towns , 1995 .

[129]  Robert Haining,et al.  Regionalisation Tools for the Exploratory Spatial Analysis of Health Data , 1997 .

[130]  David Theobald.  Accuracy and bias issues in surface representation , 1989 .

[131]  Giuseppe Arbia,et al.  Spatial Data Configuration in Statistical Analysis of Regional Economic and Related Problems , 1989 .

[132]  T. Coburn.  Spatial Data Analysis by Example , 1991 .

[133]  A. Journel,et al.  Geostatistics for natural resources characterization , 1984 .

[134]  Edward E. Leamer,et al.  Specification Searches: Ad Hoc Inference with Nonexperimental Data , 1980 .

[135]  C. Muirhead,et al.  Spatial variation of natural radiation and childhood leukaemia incidence in Great Britain. , 1995, Statistics in medicine.

[136]  Robert Haining,et al.  Scientific Visualisation and the Exploratory Analysis of Area Data , 1999 .

[137]  R Tye,et al.  Deprived People or Deprived Places? Exploring the Ecological Fallacy in Studies of Deprivation with the Samples of Anonymised Records , 1996 .

[138]  H. White.  A Heteroskedasticity-Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimator and a Direct Test for Heteroskedasticity , 1980 .

[139]  David J. Martin,et al.  Optimizing Census Geography: The Separation of Collection and Output Geographies , 1998, Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci..

[140]  Robert G. Cromley,et al.  A Comparison of Optimal Classification Strategies for Choroplethic Displays of Spatially Aggregated Data , 1996, Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci..

[141]  Stephen Wise,et al.  Exploratory spatial data analysis in a geographic information system environment , 1998 .

[142]  Timothy J. Fik,et al.  Price Patterns in Competitively Clustered Markets , 1991 .

[143]  Heike Hofmann,et al.  Interactive Graphics for Data Sets with Missing Values—MANET , 1996 .

[144]  J. Viel,et al.  Soft-tissue sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma clusters around a municipal solid waste incinerator with high dioxin emission levels. , 2000, American journal of epidemiology.

[145]  Andrew B. Lawson,et al.  An Introductory Guide to Disease Mapping , 2001 .

[146]  Robert Haining,et al.  THE USE OF ADDED VARIABLE PLOTS IN REGRESSION MODELLING WITH SPATIAL DATA , 1990 .

[147]  Giuseppe Arbia,et al.  Evaluating and updating the sample design in repeated environmental surveys: monitoring air quality in Padua , 1997 .

[148]  R. G. Craig,et al.  Autocorrelation in Landsat data , 1979 .

[149]  W. Isard.  Methods Of Regional Analysis , 1960 .

[150]  Donald Geman,et al.  Stochastic Relaxation, Gibbs Distributions, and the Bayesian Restoration of Images , 1984, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[151]  G. Arbia,et al.  Effects of the MAUP on Image Classification , 1996 .

[152]  W. Wilson,et al.  Book Review: When Work Disappears: The World of the New Urban Poor , 1997 .

[153]  Paul Krugman,et al.  Development, Geography, and Economic Theory , 1995 .

[154]  Hulin Wu,et al.  Markov chain Monte Carlo for autologistic regression models with application to the distribution of plant species , 1998 .

[155]  A. D. Gordon,et al.  Quantitative and Numerical Methods in Soil Classification and Survey. , 1978 .

[156]  Robert Haining,et al.  Exploring Offence Statistics in Stockholm City Using Spatial Analysis Tools , 2001 .

[157]  Michael F. Goodchild,et al.  Observations and comments on the generation and treatment of error in digital GIS data , 1989 .

[158]  R. J. Martin,et al.  Information loss on the mean for spatial processes when some values are missing , 1991 .

[159]  David Wong,et al.  Research on the MAUP: old wine in a new bottle or real breakthrough? , 1996 .

[160]  T. Waldhör,et al.  The spatial autocorrelation coefficient Moran's I under heteroscedasticity. , 1996, Statistics in medicine.

[161]  A. McBratney,et al.  DPTIMAL INTERPOLATION AND ISARITHMIC MAPPING OF SOIL PROPERTIES. IV SAMPLING STRATEGY , 1981 .

[162]  Robert Rosenthal,et al.  How often are our numbers wrong , 1978 .

[163]  Robert R. Sokal,et al.  Approximate analysis of variance of spatially autocorrelated regional data , 1990 .

[164]  J. Zhang,et al.  A Geostatistical Approach to Modelling Positional Errors in Vector Data , 2000, Trans. GIS.

[165]  Marc F. P. Bierkens,et al.  Upscaling and downscaling methods for environmental research , 2000 .

[166]  Harvey Goldstein,et al.  Multilevel Cross-Classified Models , 1994 .

[167]  Monica A. Walker,et al.  A LOCALISED CRIME SURVEY IN CONTRASTING AREAS OF A CITY , 1987 .

[168]  Fabio Divino,et al.  Disease mapping models: an empirical evaluation , 2000 .

[169]  I. Rodríguez‐Iturbe,et al.  The design of rainfall networks in time and space , 1974 .

[170]  L. M. Bloom,et al.  A Geostatistical Analysis of Cropped and Uncropped Soil from the Jimperding Brook Catchment of Western Australia , 1999 .

[171]  Daniel Asimov,et al.  The grand tour: a tool for viewing multidimensional data , 1985 .

[172]  S. Stehman.  Estimating the Kappa Coefficient and its Variance under Stratified Random Sampling , 1996 .

[173]  William S. Cleveland,et al.  Visualizing Data , 1993 .

[174]  J. K. Ord,et al.  Elements of spatial structure : a quantitative approach , 1976 .

[175]  K. Lowell,et al.  Spatial Accuracy Assessment : Land Information Uncertainty in Natural Resources , 1999 .

[176]  Daniel A. Griffith,et al.  SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION and EIGENFUNCTIONS OF THE GEOGRAPHIC WEIGHTS MATRIX ACCOMPANYING GEO‐REFERENCED DATA , 1996 .

[177]  Howard Veregin,et al.  Developing and Testing of an Error Propagation Model for GIS Overlay Operations , 1995, Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci..

[178]  R. A. Fisher,et al.  Design of Experiments , 1936 .

[179]  Robert G. Cromley,et al.  Singly‐ and Doubly‐Constrained Methods of Areal Interpolation for Vector‐based GIS , 1999, Trans. GIS.

[180]  N. Oden,et al.  Adjusting Moran's I for population density. , 1995, Statistics in medicine.

[181]  Frederick Mosteller,et al.  Exploring Data Tables, Trends and Shapes. , 1986 .

[182]  Malay Ghosh,et al.  Small Area Estimation: An Appraisal , 1994 .

[183]  Charles Swartz,et al.  The Spatial Analysis of Crime: What Social Scientists have Learned , 2000 .

[184]  W. Youden,et al.  Selection of Efficient Methods for Soil Sampling1 , 1938 .

[185]  M. Batty,et al.  Spatial Analysis: Modelling in a GIS Environment , 1998 .

[186]  H. Veregin.  Integration of simulation modeling and error propagation for the buffer operation in GIS , 1994 .

[187]  Qin Jian.  On cartographic visualization , 2000 .

[188]  S Openshaw,et al.  Algorithms for Reengineering 1991 Census Geography , 1995, Environment & planning A.

[189]  P. Moran.  The Interpretation of Statistical Maps , 1948 .

[190]  Jerome Sacks,et al.  Ecological Regression and Voting Rights , 1991 .

[191]  R. Putnam,et al.  Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy. , 1994 .

[192]  D. Brook.  On the distinction between the conditional probability and the joint probability approaches in the specification of nearest-neighbour systems , 1964 .

[193]  Luc Anselin,et al.  Linking GIS and spatial data analysis in practice , 1993 .

[194]  Paul A. Longley,et al.  New Data and Approaches for Urban Analysis: Modelling Residential Densities , 2000, Trans. GIS.

[195]  Henry P. Wynn,et al.  Optimum Balanced Block and Latin Square Designs for Correlated Observations , 1981 .

[196]  B Jarman,et al.  Identification of underprivileged areas , 1983, British medical journal.

[197]  I. J. Good,et al.  The Philosophy of Exploratory Data Analysis , 1983, Philosophy of Science.

[198]  Robert Haining,et al.  An integrated regionalization of earthquake, flood, and drought hazards in China , 1997, Trans. GIS.

[199]  P. Wikström,et al.  Urban Crime, Criminals, and Victims: The Swedish Experience in an Anglo-American Comparative Perspective , 1990 .

[200]  G. V. Kass,et al.  Location of Several Outliers in Multiple-Regression Data Using Elemental Sets , 1984 .

[201]  R. J. Martin.  Exact maximum likelihood for incomplete data from a correlated gaussian process , 1984 .

[202]  M. H. Hansen.  An Evaluation of Model-Dependent and Probability-Sampling Inferences in Sample Surveys , 1983 .

[203]  Harvey Armstrong,et al.  Regional Economics and Policy , 1985 .

[204]  Timothy C. Coburn,et al.  Geostatistics for Natural Resources Evaluation , 2000, Technometrics.

[205]  J. Taylor.  An Introduction to Error Analysis , 1982 .

[206]  Bradley P. Carlin,et al.  Bayesian measures of model complexity and fit , 2002 .

[207]  Andreas Buja,et al.  Interactive High-Dimensional Data Visualization , 1996 .

[208]  D W Merrill,et al.  Density equalized map projections: a method for analysing clustering around a fixed point. , 1988, Statistics in medicine.

[209]  P J Diggle,et al.  Second-order analysis of spatial clustering for inhomogeneous populations. , 1991, Biometrics.

[210]  Gerard B. M. Heuvelink,et al.  Propagation of errors in spatial modelling with GIS , 1989, Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci..

[211]  I. Benenson.  MULTI-AGENT SIMULATIONS OF RESIDENTIAL DYNAMICS IN THE CITY , 1998 .

[212]  D. Griffith,et al.  A Casebook for Spatial Statistical Data Analysis: A Compilation of Different Thematic Data Sets , 1999 .

[213]  Graham J. Wills,et al.  Dynamic Graphics for Exploring Spatial Data with Application to Locating Global and Local Anomalies , 1991 .

[214]  Graham J. G. Upton,et al.  Rectangular cartograms, spatial autocorrelation, and interpolation , 1991 .

[215]  Robert Haining,et al.  A Comparative Evaluation of Approaches to Urban Crime Pattern Analysis , 2000 .

[216]  Alan M. MacEachren,et al.  How Maps Work - Representation, Visualization, and Design , 1995 .

[217]  W. Macmillan,et al.  Redistricting in a GIS environment: An optimisation algorithm using switching-points , 2001, J. Geogr. Syst..

[218]  M. Goodchild,et al.  Geographic Information Systems and Science (second edition) , 2001 .

[219]  Jack Cuzick,et al.  Geographical and environmental epidemiology : methods for small-area studies , 1997 .

[220]  F. K. Schaefer.  Exceptionalism in Geography: A Methodological Examination , 1953 .

[221]  David G Steel,et al.  Area homogeneity and the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem , 1996 .

[222]  M Kulldorff,et al.  Spatial disease clusters: detection and inference. , 1995, Statistics in medicine.

[223]  P. Krugman.  Geography and Trade , 1992 .

[224]  P. E. O'connell,et al.  A case study of rationalization of a rain gage network in southwest England , 1979 .

[225]  Paul Wilkinson,et al.  GIS in Public Health , 1998 .

[226]  M. Kulldorff.  A spatial scan statistic , 1997 .

[227]  Anthony C. Gatrell,et al.  Geographical Information Systems and Spatial Epidemiology: Modelling the Possible Association Between Cancer of the Larynx and Incineration in North-west England , 1995 .

[228]  Gennady L. Andrienko,et al.  Interactive maps for visual data exploration , 1999, Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci..

[229]  Paul Krugman,et al.  Urban Concentration: The Role of Increasing Returns and Transport Costs , 1994 .

[230]  K. Kafadar.  Choosing among two-dimensional smoothers in practice , 1994 .

[231]  Robert Haining,et al.  Data Problems in Spatial Econometric Modeling , 1995 .

[232]  C. Stein,et al.  Estimation with Quadratic Loss , 1992 .

[233]  J. Bithell.  The choice of test for detecting raised disease risk near a point source. , 1995, Statistics in medicine.

[234]  Timothy J. Fik,et al.  Spatial Competition and Price Reporting in Retail Food Markets , 1988 .

[235]  P A Burrough,et al.  COMPUTER‐BASED SOIL MAPPING OF SMALL AREAS FROM SAMPLE DATA , 1972 .

[236]  I. Bracken,et al.  The Generation of Spatial Population Distributions from Census Centroid Data , 1989, Environment & planning A.

[237]  Andrew D. Cliff,et al.  Regional Taxonomy Using Trend-Surface Coefficients and Invariants , 1977 .

[238]  Russell G. Congalton,et al.  A review of assessing the accuracy of classifications of remotely sensed data , 1991 .

[239]  P. Moran.  Notes on continuous stochastic phenomena. , 1950, Biometrika.

[240]  Susan Kennedy,et al.  The small number problem and the accuracy of spatial databases , 1989 .

[241]  N. Cressie,et al.  Robust estimation of the variogram: I , 1980 .

[242]  A. Sooman,et al.  Health and perceptions of the local environment in socially contrasting neighbourhoods in glasgow , 1995 .

[243]  Edward R. Tufte,et al.  Envisioning Information , 1990 .

[244]  Sang-Il Lee,et al.  Developing a bivariate spatial association measure: An integration of Pearson's r and Moran's I , 2001, J. Geogr. Syst..

[245]  Michael F. Goodchild,et al.  Areal interpolation: A variant of the traditional spatial problem , 1980 .

[246]  W. Cleveland,et al.  Locally Weighted Regression: An Approach to Regression Analysis by Local Fitting , 1988 .

[247]  J. Besag.  On the Statistical Analysis of Dirty Pictures , 1986 .

[248]  James P. Hughes,et al.  Data requirements for kriging: Estimation and network design , 1981 .

[249]  M. Charlton,et al.  Quantitative geography : perspectives on spatial data analysis by , 2001 .

[250]  Gerard B. M. Heuvelink,et al.  Error Propagation in Environmental Modelling with GIS , 1998 .

[251]  Wolfgang Kainz,et al.  CHAPTER SIX – Logical consistency , 1995 .

[252]  D A Carr,et al.  Two new templates for epidemiology applications: linked micromap plots and conditioned choropleth maps. , 2000, Statistics in medicine.

[253]  Timothy G. Conley.  GMM estimation with cross sectional dependence , 1999 .

[254]  Martin Charlton,et al.  A Mark 1 Geographical Analysis Machine for the automated analysis of point data sets , 1987, Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci..

[255]  Andrew B. Lawson,et al.  An Introductory Guide to Disease Mapping: Lawson/Disease , 2001 .

[256]  Marks R. Nester,et al.  An Applied Statistician's Creed , 1996 .

[257]  A. T. Miesch.  Variograms and Variance Components in Geochemistry and Ore Evaluation , 1975 .

[258]  D. J. Unwin,et al.  Towards a general theory of control point distribution effects in trend-surface models , 1987 .

[259]  Gilbert Shapiro,et al.  The Linkage of Data Describing Overlapping Geographical Units , 1973 .

[260]  M. S. Bartlett,et al.  Some Aspects of the Time-Correlation Problem in Regard to Tests of Significance , 1935 .

[261]  Alex Hirschfield,et al.  Mapping and Analysing Crime Data : Lessons from Research and Practice , 2001 .

[262]  Martin J. Gardner,et al.  Review of Reported Increases of Childhood Cancer Rates in the Vicinity of Nuclear Installations in the Uk , 1989 .

[263]  Katherine M. Hansen,et al.  Head-banging: robust smoothing in the plane , 1991, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[264]  Noel A Cressie,et al.  Change of support and the modifiable areal unit problem , 1996 .

[265]  Peter Lee,et al.  Where are the socially excluded? Continuing debates in the identification of poor neighbourhoods , 1999 .

[266]  Philip G. McGuire,et al.  The New York Police Department COMPSTAT Process: Mapping for Analysis, Evaluation, and Accountability , 2000 .

[267]  Michael Batty,et al.  Urban Evolution on the Desktop: Simulation with the Use of Extended Cellular Automata , 1998 .

[268]  H. Föllmer.  Random economies with many interacting agents , 1974 .

[269]  Julian Besag,et al.  The Detection of Clusters in Rare Diseases , 1991 .

[270]  G. Matheron,et al.  A Simple Substitute for Conditional Expectation : The Disjunctive Kriging , 1976 .

[271]  J. Galtung.  Theory and methods of social research , 1969 .

[272]  D. Freedman,et al.  A solution to the ecological inference problem , 1997 .

[273]  Jason Dykes,et al.  Exploring spatial data representation with dynamic graphics , 1997 .

[274]  Robert Haining,et al.  Error Propagation Through Map Operations , 1993 .

[275]  Martin Kulldorff,et al.  Statistical Methods for Spatial Epidemiology: Tests for Randomness , 1998 .

[276]  Frederick Mosteller,et al.  Understanding robust and exploratory data analysis , 1983 .

[277]  Danny Dorling,et al.  Stretching Space and Splicing Time: From Cartographic Animation to Interactive Visualization , 1992 .

[278]  E. Bruce MacDougall,et al.  Exploratory Analysis, Dynamic Statistical Visualization, and Geographic Information Systems , 1992 .

[279]  K. Kafadar,et al.  Smoothing geographical data, particularly rates of disease. , 1996, Statistics in medicine.

[280]  R. Kauth,et al.  The tasselled cap - A graphic description of the spectral-temporal development of agricultural crops as seen by Landsat , 1976 .

[281]  R. Haining,et al.  Anatomy of a price war , 1983, Nature.

[282]  D. Rubin,et al.  Statistical Analysis with Missing Data. , 1989 .

[283]  K. Tinkler,et al.  The physical interpretation of eigenfunctions of dichotomous matrices , 1972 .

[284]  G M Jacquez,et al.  The map comparison problem: tests for the overlap of geographic boundaries. , 1995, Statistics in medicine.

[285]  Robert Haining,et al.  Identifying Areas of Multiple Social Need: A Case Study in the Preparation of Children Services Plans , 2003 .

[286]  Richard A. Becker,et al.  The Visual Design and Control of Trellis Display , 1996 .

[287]  Richard Dunn,et al.  Variable-Width Framed Rectangle Charts for Statistical Mapping , 1987 .

[288]  K. Ord.  Estimation Methods for Models of Spatial Interaction , 1975 .

[289]  Bernard Fingleton,et al.  Spatial Data Analysis by Example, Vol. 2: Categorical and Directional Data. , 1990 .

[290]  G.B.M. Heuvelink,et al.  Aggregation and error propagation in GIS , 1998 .

[291]  C. Pelto,et al.  AUTOMATIC CONTOURING OF IRREGULARLY SPACED DATA , 1968 .

[292]  R. Dunn,et al.  Two‐Dimensional Systematic Sampling of Land Use , 1993 .

[293]  D. Steel,et al.  Using Census Data to Investigate the Causes of the Ecological Fallacy , 1998, Environment & planning A.

[294]  J. Cuzick,et al.  Spatial clustering for inhomogeneous populations , 1990 .

[295]  Graham J. G. Upton,et al.  Distance-Weighted Geographic Interpolation , 1985 .

[296]  S. T. Buckland,et al.  An autologistic model for the spatial distribution of wildlife , 1996 .

[297]  C R Muirhead,et al.  A comparison of some simple methods to identify geographical areas with excess incidence of a rare disease such as childhood leukaemia. , 1999, Statistics in medicine.

[298]  Dianne Cook,et al.  Dynamic Graphics in a GIS: A Bidirectional Link between ArcView 2.0 and XGobi , 1998 .

[299]  P. Fisher,et al.  Modeling the effect of data errors on feature extraction from digital elevation models , 1992 .

[300]  Torsten Hägerstrand,et al.  Innovation Diffusion As a Spatial Process , 1967 .

[301]  T. Hassard,et al.  Applied Linear Regression , 2005 .

[302]  Ron Martin,et al.  Critical survey. The new 'geographical turn' in economics: some critical reflections , 1999 .

[303]  L. A. Goodman.  Ecological Regressions and Behavior of Individuals , 1953 .

[304]  Noel A Cressie,et al.  Towards resistant geostatistics , 1984 .

[305]  P. Diggle,et al.  Spatial point pattern analysis and its application in geographical epidemiology , 1996 .

[306]  D G Denison,et al.  Bayesian Partitioning for Estimating Disease Risk , 2001, Biometrics.

[307]  Brian Everitt,et al.  Cluster analysis , 1974 .

[308]  John Krygier,et al.  Visualization in Geographic Information Systems , 1995 .

[309]  David J. Martin,et al.  On Measures of Deprivation and the Spatial Allocation of Resources for Primary Health Care , 1994 .

[310]  Daniel A. Griffith,et al.  DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SPATIAL ECONOMIC SYSTEMS , 1982 .

[311]  R. Dunn,et al.  Positional accuracy and measurement error in digital databases of land use: an empirical study , 1990, Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci..

[312]  Jürgen Symanzik,et al.  Spatial CDF estimation and visualization with applications to forest health monitoring , 1997 .

[313]  Kate Bowers,et al.  Exploring links between crime and disadvantage in north-west England: an analysis using geographical information systems , 1999, Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci..

[314]  R. M. Batson,et al.  Geometric accuracy of Landsat-4 and Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper images. , 1985 .

[315]  P V K IYER,et al.  The first and second moments of some probability distributions arising from points on a lattice and their application. , 1949, Biometrika.

[316]  M Visvalingam,et al.  Operational Definition of Area-Based Social Indicators , 1983 .

[317]  D. Matula,et al.  Properties of Gabriel Graphs Relevant to Geographic Variation Research and the Clustering of Points in the Plane , 2010 .

[318]  T. Louis,et al.  A constrained empirical Bayes estimator for incidence rates in areas with small populations. , 1994, Statistics in medicine.

[319]  L. Pickle,et al.  Application of a weighted head-banging algorithm to mortality data maps. , 1999, Statistics in medicine.

[320]  Michael F. Goodchild,et al.  A Framework for the Areal Interpolation of Socioeconomic Data , 1993 .

[321]  A. McBratney,et al.  Choosing functions for semi‐variograms of soil properties and fitting them to sampling estimates , 1986 .

[322]  T. M. Burgess,et al.  Optimal interpolation and isarithmic mapping of soil properties. III. Changing drift and universal kriging. , 1980 .

[323]  R. Koenker,et al.  Robust Tests for Heteroscedasticity Based on Regression Quantiles , 1982 .

[324]  Daniel A. Griffith,et al.  Error Propagation Modelling in Raster GIS: Overlay Operations , 1998, Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci..

[325]  John W. Tukey,et al.  Exploratory Data Analysis. , 1979 .

[326]  R. Haining,et al.  Maximum likelihood estimation with missing spatial data and with an application to remotely sensed data , 1989 .

[327]  K. Kafadar,et al.  Simultaneous smoothing and adjusting mortality rates in U.S. counties: melanoma in white females and white males. , 1999, Statistics in medicine.

[328]  Richard Block,et al.  COMMUNITY, ENVIRONMENT, AND VIOLENT CRIME , 1979 .

[329]  D. J. Brus,et al.  Random sampling or geostatistical modelling? Choosing between design-based and model-based sampling strategies for soil (with discussion) , 1997 .

[330]  Andreas Buja,et al.  Grand tour and projection pursuit , 1995 .

[331]  Robert Haining,et al.  Small Area Aggregate Income Models: Theory and Methods with an Application to Urban and Rural Income Data for Pennsylvania , 1987 .

[332]  Peter F. Fisher,et al.  Modelling the Errors in Areal Interpolation between Zonal Systems by Monte Carlo Simulation , 1995 .

[333]  Peter Congdon,et al.  A Model for Mental Health Needs and Resourcing in Small Geographic Areas: A Multivariate Spatial Perspective , 2002 .

[334]  A Gelman,et al.  A Method for Quantifying Artefacts in Mapping Methods Illustrated by Application to Headbanging , 2022 .

[335]  Gary D. Friedman.  Primer of epidemiology , 1980 .

[336]  K. Mardia,et al.  Maximum likelihood estimation of models for residual covariance in spatial regression , 1984 .

[337]  R. A. Stone.  Investigations of excess environmental risks around putative sources: statistical problems and a proposed test. , 1988, Statistics in medicine.

[338]  D A Griffith,et al.  Statistical Analysis of Spatial Data in the Presence of Missing Observations: A Methodological Guide and an Application to Urban Census Data , 1989, Environment & planning A.

[339]  T Tango,et al.  A class of tests for detecting 'general' and 'focused' clustering of rare diseases. , 1995, Statistics in medicine.

[340]  B. D. Dent,et al.  Principles of thematic map design , 1985 .

[341]  F. C. Mencken,et al.  Murder, Nonnegligent Manslaughter, and Spatial Autocorrelation in Mid-South Counties , 1999 .

[342]  Robert Haining,et al.  Modelling High-intensity Crime Areas in English Cities , 2001 .

[343]  S J Pocock,et al.  Regression of area mortality rates on explanatory variables: what weighting is appropriate? , 1981, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series C, Applied statistics.

[344]  Stan Openshaw,et al.  Zone design for planning and policy analysis , 1999 .

[345]  Norman Wiseman,et al.  An Introductory Guide to Scientific Visualization , 1992, Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

[346]  H. Morgenstern.  Uses of ecologic analysis in epidemiologic research. , 1982, American journal of public health.

[347]  N. Spence,et al.  A multifactor uniform regionalization of British counties on the basis of employment data for 1961 , 1968 .

[348]  D. Cook,et al.  Multiple regression in geographical mortality studies, with allowance for spatially correlated errors. , 1983, Biometrics.

[349]  Michael F. Goodchild,et al.  Development and test of an error model for categorical data , 1992, Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci..

[350]  Jane Drummond,et al.  CHAPTER THREE – Positional accuracy , 1995 .

[351]  Gary King,et al.  The Future of Ecological Inference Research: A Reply to Freedman Et Al , 2008 .

[352]  Ignacio Rodriguez-Iturbe,et al.  Network design for the estimation of areal mean of rainfall events , 1976 .

[353]  Denis Hémon,et al.  On the variance of the sample correlation between two independent lattice processes , 1981, Journal of Applied Probability.

[354]  Xavier Guyon,et al.  Random fields on a network , 1995 .

[355]  Martin Charlton,et al.  GIS and exploratory spatial data analysis: an overview of some research issues , 1994 .

[356]  J. Besag.  Errors‐In‐Variables Estimation for Gaussian Lattice Schemes , 1977 .

[357]  J. C. Koop,et al.  Lystematic sampling of two-dimensional surfaces and related problems , 1990 .

[358]  R. Assunção,et al.  A new proposal to adjust Moran's I for population density. , 1999, Statistics in medicine.

[359]  J. Wakefield,et al.  Spatial epidemiology: methods and applications. , 2000 .

[360]  Edward R. Tufte,et al.  The Visual Display of Quantitative Information , 1986 .

[361]  Jerry A. Neprash,et al.  Some Problems in the Correlation of Spatially Distributed Variables , 1934 .

[362]  F. F. Stephan,et al.  The case of the Indians and the teen-age widows. , 1962, Journal of the American Statistical Association.

[363]  P. Curran.  Multispectral remote sensing of vegetation amount , 1980 .

[364]  R. Geary,et al.  The Contiguity Ratio and Statistical Mapping , 1954 .

[365]  N. Ling.  The Mathematical Theory of Infectious Diseases and its applications , 1978 .

[366]  David Rossiter,et al.  Program GROUP: The Identification of All Possible Solutions to a Constituency-Delimitation Problem , 1981 .

[367]  Noel A Cressie,et al.  Dynamic graphics for exploring spatial dependence in multivariate spatial data , 1997 .

[368]  Michael F. Goodchild,et al.  Real data and real problems: dealing with large spatial databases , 1989 .

[369]  Ron Martin,et al.  Paul Krugman's Geographical Economics and Its Implications for Regional Development Theory: A Critical Assessment* , 1996 .

[370]  Olli Jaakkola,et al.  Multi-scale Categorical Data Bases with Automatic Generalization Transformations Based on Map Algebra , 1998 .

[371]  Harvey Goldstein,et al.  Multilevel Modeling of Educational Data With Cross-Classification and Missing Identification for Units , 1998 .

[372]  Bharat Trehan,et al.  Location and the Growth of Nations , 1997 .

[373]  Norman T. J. Bailey,et al.  The simulation of stochastic epidemics in two dimensions , 1967 .

[374]  Trevor C. Bailey,et al.  Interactive Spatial Data Analysis , 1995 .

[375]  P. Whittle.  ON STATIONARY PROCESSES IN THE PLANE , 1954 .

[376]  Urie Bronfenbrenner,et al.  The Ecology of Human Development , 1981 .

[377]  Luc Anselin,et al.  Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis Linking SpaceStat and ArcView , 1997 .

[378]  Richard J. Chorley.  Spatial analysis in geomorphology , 1972 .

[379]  L. Anselin.  Spatial Econometrics: Methods and Models , 1988 .

[380]  Douglas R. White,et al.  Network autocorrelation: A simulation study of a foundational problem in regression and survey research , 1982 .

[381]  Rolf Loeber,et al.  DO DISADVANTAGED NEIGHBORHOODS CAUSE WELL-ADJUSTED CHILDREN TO BECOME ADOLESCENT DELINQUENTS? A STUDY OF MALE JUVENILE SERIOUS OFFENDING, INDIVIDUAL RISK AND PROTECTIVE FACTORS, AND NEIGHBORHOOD CONTEXT* , 2000 .

[382]  A. Gelman,et al.  All maps of parameter estimates are misleading. , 1999, Statistics in medicine.

[383]  H. Akaike,et al.  Information Theory and an Extension of the Maximum Likelihood Principle , 1973 .

[384]  John A. Richards,et al.  Remote Sensing Digital Image Analysis , 1986 .

[385]  D. Hole,et al.  Problems in the interpretation of small area analysis of epidemiological data: the case of cancer incidence in the West of Scotland. , 1992, Journal of epidemiology and community health.

[386]  H. A. Kahn,et al.  Statistical Methods in Epidemiology , 1989 .

[387]  R C Grimson,et al.  A Versatile Test for Clustering and a Proximity Analysis of Neurons , 1991, Methods of Information in Medicine.

[388]  R. Reese.  Geostatistics for Environmental Scientists , 2001 .

[389]  Noel A Cressie,et al.  Modeling Poisson variables with positive spatial dependence , 1997 .

[390]  R. Flowerdew,et al.  Using areal interpolation methods in geographic information systems , 1991 .

[391]  B. Benson,et al.  Integration of Spatial Markets , 1990 .

[392]  Mark Monmonier,et al.  Authoring Graphic Scripts: Experiences and Principles , 1992 .

[393]  W. Tobler.  Smooth pycnophylactic interpolation for geographical regions. , 1979, Journal of the American Statistical Association.

[394]  J. Chilès,et al.  Geostatistics: Modeling Spatial Uncertainty , 1999 .

[395]  Juan Barceló,et al.  Beyond GIS: The archaeology of social spaces , 1998 .

[396]  T. Breurch,et al.  A simple test for heteroscedasticity and random coefficient variation (econometrica vol 47 , 1979 .

[397]  P. Townsend,et al.  Health and Deprivation: Inequality and the North , 1987 .

[398]  Michael F. Goodchild,et al.  CHAPTER FOUR – Attribute accuracy , 1995 .

[399]  R. Haining.  The moving average model for spatial interaction , 1978 .

[400]  Lw Hepple,et al.  Exact Testing for Spatial Autocorrelation among Regression Residuals , 1998 .

[401]  Noel A Cressie,et al.  Statistics for Spatial Data. , 1992 .

[402]  Howard Veregin,et al.  CHAPTER NINE – An evaluation matrix for geographical data quality , 1995 .

[403]  R. Haining,et al.  Constructing regions for small area analysis: material deprivation and colorectal cancer. , 1994, Journal of public health medicine.

[404]  Mary E. Thompson,et al.  Bayes, Fiducial and Frequency Aspects of Statistical Inference in Regression Analysis in Survey‐Sampling , 1971 .

[405]  Paul Krugman,et al.  WHAT'S NEW ABOUT THE NEW ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY? , 1998 .

[406]  Robert Haining,et al.  Providing scientific visualization for spatial data analysis: Criteria and an assessment of SAGE , 2000, J. Geogr. Syst..

[407]  Robert Haining,et al.  MODELING INTRAURBAN PRICE COMPETITION: AN EXAMPLE OF GASOLINE PRICING* , 1983 .

[408]  G M Jacquez,et al.  Cuzick and Edwards' test when exact locations are unknown. , 1994, American journal of epidemiology.

[409]  W. B. Hempkins,et al.  A statistical analysis of some aeromagnetic maps from the northwestern Canadian shield , 1964 .

[410]  Student,et al.  The Elimination of Spurious Correlation due to Position in Time or Space , 1914 .

[411]  Lw Hepple,et al.  Bayesian analysis of the linear model with spatial dependence , 1979 .

[412]  David B. Dunson,et al.  Bayesian Data Analysis , 2010 .

[413]  M. Kulldorff,et al.  Childhood leukaemia in Sweden: using GIS and a spatial scan statistic for cluster detection. , 1996, Statistics in medicine.

[414]  Alex Anas,et al.  Hedonic analysis of a housing market in disequilibrium , 1984 .

[415]  Stan Openshaw,et al.  An optimal zoning approach to the study of spatially aggregated data , 1978 .

[416]  Robert Haining,et al.  Spatial price equilibrium in interdependent markets: Price and sales configurations , 1996 .

[417]  Allan R. Wilks,et al.  Dynamic Graphics for Data Analysis , 1987 .

[418]  K. Bowers,et al.  The Effect of Social Cohesion on Levels of Recorded Crime in Disadvantaged Areas , 1997 .

[419]  M. A. Oliver,et al.  Semi‐variograms for modelling the spatial pattern of landform and soil properties , 1986 .

[420]  S. Raudenbush,et al.  Neighborhoods and violent crime: a multilevel study of collective efficacy. , 1997, Science.

[421]  K. Pickett,et al.  Multilevel analyses of neighbourhood socioeconomic context and health outcomes: a critical review , 2001, Journal of epidemiology and community health.

[422]  Daniel A. Griffith,et al.  Spatial error propagation when computing linear combinations of spectral bands: The case of vegetation indices , 2003, Environmental and Ecological Statistics.

[423]  A. Journel.  Nonparametric estimation of spatial distributions , 1983 .

[424]  Manfred M. Fischer,et al.  Spatial Analytical Perspectives on GIS , 2019 .

[425]  S. F. Buck.  A Method of Estimation of Missing Values in Multivariate Data Suitable for Use with an Electronic Computer , 1960 .

[426]  Andrew Gelman,et al.  Models, assumptions and model checking in ecological regressions , 2001 .

[427]  Derek G. Cook,et al.  Analysing geographic variation in cardiovascular mortality: methods and results. , 1982 .

[428]  Robin Sibson,et al.  What is projection pursuit , 1987 .

[429]  Victor Goldsmith,et al.  Analyzing Crime Patterns: Frontiers of Practice , 1999 .

[430]  Luc Anselin,et al.  The Spatial Patterning of County Homicide Rates: An Application of Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis , 1999 .

[431]  William S. Cleveland,et al.  Rejoinder: A Model for Studying Display Methods of Statistical Graphics , 1993 .

[432]  Alan M. MacEachren,et al.  Exploratory cartographic visualization: advancing the agenda , 1997 .

[433]  L Bernardinelli,et al.  Bayesian estimates of disease maps: how important are priors? , 1995, Statistics in medicine.

[434]  Gary King,et al.  Geography, Statistics, and Ecological Inference , 2000 .

[435]  Michael Friendly,et al.  Conceptual and Visual Models for Categorical Data , 1995 .

[436]  Anthony C. Gatrell,et al.  Structures of Geographical and Social Space and Their Consequences for Human Health , 1997 .