GBLinks: GNN-Based Beam Selection and Link Activation for Ultra-Dense D2D mmWave Networks

In this paper, we consider the problem of joint beam selection and link activation across a set of communication pairs to effectively control the interference between communication pairs via inactivating part communication pairs in ultra-dense device-to-device (D2D) mmWave communication networks. The resulting optimization problem is formulated as an integer programming problem that is nonconvex and NP-hard problem. Consequently, the global optimal solution, even the local optimal solution, cannot be generally obtained. To overcome this challenge, this paper resorts to design a deep learning architecture based on graph neural network to finish the joint beam selection and link activation, with taking the network topology information into account. Meanwhile, we present an unsupervised Lagrangian dual learning framework to train the parameters of GBLinks model. Numerical results show that the proposed GBLinks model can converges to a stable point with the number of iterations increases, in terms of the sum rate. Furthermore, the GBLinks model can reach near-optimal solution through comparing with the exhaustive search scheme in small-scale ultra-dense D2D mmWave communication networks and outperforms GreedyNoSched and the SCA-based method. It also shows that the GBLinks model can generalize to varying scales and densities of ultra-dense D2D mmWave communication networks. Index Terms Millimeter wave communication, graph neural networks, beam selection, link activation, interference channel. S. He, S. Xiong, W. Zhang, and J. Ren are with the School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China. S. He is also with the Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing 210096, China. (email: {shiwen.he.hn, shaowen.xiong, renju}@csu.edu.cn, sunbirdcsu@Outlook.com). Y. Yang is also with the Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing 210096, China. (email: yangyiting@pmlabs.com.cn). Y. Huang is with the National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China. He is also with the Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing 210096, China. (email: huangym@seu.edu.cn).