A Low-Voltage Micropower Digital Class-D Amplifier Modulator for Hearing Aids

We present a micropower digital modulator for class-D amplifiers for power-critical digital hearing aids. The modulator design embodies a proposed Lagrange interpolation (a combined first- and second-order Lagrange) algorithmic pulsewidth modulation (PWM) and a third-order DeltaSigma noise shaper. By means of double-Fourier-series analysis, we analyze and determine the harmonic nonlinearities of the proposed algorithmic PWM. At 48-kHz sampling, 96-kHz PWM output, 997-Hz input, and input modulation index=0.9, the modulator circuit achieves a total harmonic distortion+noise &nbsp;(<i>THD</i>+<i>N</i>) of - 74&nbsp;dB (0.02%) over an 8-kHz voice bandwidth-a 12-dB <i>THD</i>+<i>N</i> improvement over a reported design and yet dissipates only ~ 50% of the power. The proposed modulator dissipates the lowest power dissipation of all modulators compared, and by means of a proposed figure of merit, the proposed modulator exhibits very competitive performance. The modulator IC is fabricated in a 0.35-mum digital CMOS process with a core area of 0.46 mm<sup>2</sup>.

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