Designing an Artifact for Informal Control in Enterprise Architecture Management

Aligning local business and technology initiatives with enterprise-wide objectives remains a challenge for many organizations. To this end, Enterprise Architecture Management (EAM) imposes formal control mechanisms such as architecture plans and principles aimed at leveraging enterprise-wide standards and harnessing information systems (IS) complexity. Addressing recent calls to complement EAM control portfolios with informal control mechanisms, this study reports on the design, implementation and adoption of an Enterprise Architecture Label at a large multinational engineering company. Based on recent research on nudging, we deliberately designed the choice architecture of local decision makers. The Enterprise Architecture Label aims to influence the decision-making process, so that IS design alternatives that are preferable from an enterprise-wide perspective appear to be more attractive. Following an Action Design Research approach, the paper highlights the process of defining the underlying measurement system, designing an appropriate presentation, and the learnings and theory implications made throughout this process.

[1]  Julien Malaurent,et al.  Reconciling global and local needs: a canonical action research project to deal with workarounds , 2016, Inf. Syst. J..

[2]  M. Helfert,et al.  Evaluation Patterns for Design Science Research Artefacts , 2014 .

[3]  Stephan Aier,et al.  Implementing Architectural Thinking - A Case Study at Commerzbank AG , 2015, CAiSE Workshops.

[4]  L. Kirsch The Management of Complex Tasks in Organizations: Controlling the Systems Development Process , 1996 .

[5]  Tuure Tuunanen,et al.  Design Science Research Process: A Model for Producing and Presenting Information Systems Research , 2020, ArXiv.

[6]  Stephan Aier,et al.  Dynamics of Control Mechanisms in Enterprise Architecture Management: A Sensemaking Perspective , 2018, ICIS.

[7]  Robert Winter,et al.  Institutionalization and the Effectiveness of Enterprise Architecture Management , 2013, ICIS.

[8]  Robert Winter,et al.  Essential Layers, Artifacts, and Dependencies of Enterprise Architecture , 2006, 2006 10th IEEE International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference Workshops (EDOCW'06).

[9]  Peter Buxmann,et al.  Outcomes and success factors of enterprise IT architecture management: empirical insight from the international financial services industry , 2011, Eur. J. Inf. Syst..

[10]  Rolf Wüstenhagen,et al.  Dynamic Adjustment of Eco-labeling Schemes and Consumer Choice – the Revision of the EU Energy Label as a Missed Opportunity? , 2012 .

[11]  Florian Matthes,et al.  How to make your enterprise architecture management endeavor fail! , 2009, PLoP '09.

[12]  Peter Bernus,et al.  Enterprise engineering and management at the crossroads , 2016, Comput. Ind..

[13]  Jeanne W. Ross,et al.  Enterprise Architecture As Strategy: Creating a Foundation for Business Execution , 2006 .

[14]  Gary W. Dickson,et al.  A Principles-Based Enterprise Architecture: Lessons from Texaco and Star Enterprise , 1990, MIS Q..

[15]  V. G. Ouchi,et al.  A conceptual framework for the design and organizational control mechanisms , 1979 .

[16]  Maung K. Sein,et al.  Elaborating ADR while drifting away from its essence: A commentary on Mullarkey and Hevner , 2018, Eur. J. Inf. Syst..

[17]  G. Kalyanaram,et al.  Nudge: Improving Decisions about Health, Wealth, and Happiness , 2011 .

[18]  Robert Winter,et al.  The Institutional Logic of Harmonization: Local Versus Global Perspectives , 2018, EEWC.

[19]  Detlef Schoder,et al.  An Exploration of Enterprise Architecture Research , 2013, Commun. Assoc. Inf. Syst..

[20]  John A. Zachman,et al.  A Framework for Information Systems Architecture , 1987, IBM Syst. J..

[21]  J. Jacoby Perspectives on Information Overload , 1984 .

[22]  Jacky Akoka,et al.  A Taxonomy of Evaluation Methods for Information Systems Artifacts , 2015, J. Manag. Inf. Syst..

[23]  Marc M. Lankhorst,et al.  Enterprise Architecture at Work - Modelling, Communication and Analysis, 2nd Edition , 2005, The Enterprise Engineering Series.

[24]  Knut H. Rolland,et al.  Ambidextrous Enterprise Architecting: Betting on the Future and Hacking Path-dependencies , 2015, ECIS.

[25]  Samuli Pekkola,et al.  Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems ( PACIS ) Summer 6-27-2016 ROOT CAUSES OF ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE PROBLEMS IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR , 2017 .

[26]  Paul Waide,et al.  A multi-country comparative evaluation of labelling research , 2005 .

[27]  Joop de Boer,et al.  Sustainability labelling schemes: the logic of their claims and their functions for stakeholders , 2003 .

[28]  Robert Winter,et al.  Design science research in Europe , 2008 .

[29]  Sarah C. Darby,et al.  New Tools for Environmental Protection: Education, Information and Voluntary Measures , 2003 .

[30]  Matthias Lange,et al.  An empirical analysis of the factors and measures of Enterprise Architecture Management success , 2016, Eur. J. Inf. Syst..

[31]  Line Dubé,et al.  Rigor in Information Systems Positivist Case Research: Current Practices , 2003, MIS Q..

[32]  W. Alec Cram,et al.  Information Systems Control: A Review and Framework for Emerging Information Systems Processes , 2016, J. Assoc. Inf. Syst..

[33]  Christiane Lehrer,et al.  Making Digital Nudging Applicable: The Digital Nudge Design Method , 2018, ICIS.

[34]  Alexander Maedche,et al.  Designing Social Nudges for Enterprise Recommendation Agents: An Investigation in the Business Intelligence Systems Context , 2018, J. Assoc. Inf. Syst..

[35]  W. Alec Cram,et al.  Addressing the Control Challenges of the Enterprise Architecture Process , 2015, J. Inf. Syst..

[36]  W. Alec Cram,et al.  Hitting a moving target: a process model of information systems control change , 2016, Inf. Syst. J..

[37]  William B. Rouse,et al.  Point-Counterpoint: Enterprise Architecture and Enterprise Transformation as Related but Distinct Concepts , 2012 .

[38]  E. Burton Swanson,et al.  Innovating Mindfully with Information Technology , 2004, MIS Q..

[39]  Robert Winter,et al.  Establishing 'Architectural Thinking' in Organizations , 2016, PoEM.

[40]  Christine Legner,et al.  Overcoming implementation challenges in enterprise architecture management: a design theory for architecture-driven IT Management (ADRIMA) , 2013, Information Systems and e-Business Management.

[41]  Ralph Piotrowski,et al.  Eco-Labelling in the Globalised Economy * , 2017 .

[42]  William G. Ouchi,et al.  Markets, Bureaucracies, and Clans. , 1980 .

[43]  Richard G. Newell,et al.  Nudging Energy Efficiency Behavior: The Role of Information Labels , 2014, Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists.

[44]  Dinh Dang,et al.  Enterprise Architecture Institutionalization: a Tale of two Cases , 2017, ECIS.

[45]  Lien-Ti Bei,et al.  Product Knowledge and Product Involvement as Moderators of the Effects of Information on Purchase Decisions: A Case Study Using the Perfect Information Frontier Approach , 1999 .

[46]  J. Thøgersen Psychological Determinants of Paying Attention to Eco-Labels in Purchase Decisions: Model Development and Multinational Validation , 2000 .

[47]  Martin Mocker,et al.  What Is Complex About 273 Applications? Untangling Application Architecture Complexity in a Case of European Investment Banking , 2009, 2009 42nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.

[48]  Laurie J. Kirsch,et al.  Portfolios of Control Modes and IS Project Management , 1997, Inf. Syst. Res..

[49]  Robert Winter,et al.  On the Role of Complexity for Guiding Enterprise Transformations , 2015, EEWC.

[50]  Lucia Pietroni,et al.  Eco-labelling and consumers: towards a re-focus and integrated approaches , 2006 .

[51]  Rolf Wüstenhagen,et al.  The influence of eco‐labelling on consumer behaviour – results of a discrete choice analysis for washing machines , 2006 .

[52]  Alan R. Hevner,et al.  The Use of Focus Groups in Design Science Research , 2010 .

[53]  Graeme G. Shanks,et al.  How Does Enterprise Architecture Add Value to Organisations? , 2011, Commun. Assoc. Inf. Syst..

[54]  Jan vom Brocke,et al.  Digital Nudging , 2016, Business & Information Systems Engineering.

[55]  J. Thøgersen How May Consumer Policy Empower Consumers for Sustainable Lifestyles? , 2005 .

[56]  M. Teisl,et al.  Non-dirty dancing? Interactions between eco-labels and consumers , 2008 .

[57]  Sandeep Purao,et al.  Action Design Research , 2011, MIS Q..

[58]  Robert Winter,et al.  Enterprise Architecture Assimilation: An Institutional Perspective , 2018, ICIS.

[59]  James Lapalme,et al.  Defining Enterprise Architecture: A Systematic Literature Review , 2017, 2017 IEEE 21st International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Workshop (EDOCW).

[60]  Axel Marx,et al.  Varieties of legitimacy: a configurational institutional design analysis of eco-labels , 2013 .

[61]  Cristiano Codagnone,et al.  Labels as Nudges? An Experimental Study of Car Eco-Labels , 2016 .

[62]  Alan R. Hevner,et al.  POSITIONING AND PRESENTING DESIGN SCIENCE RESEARCH FOR MAXIMUM IMPACT 1 , 2013 .

[63]  T. Brennan,et al.  Consumer Preference Not to Choose: Methodological and Policy Implications , 2005 .

[64]  R. Newell,et al.  Nudging Energy Efficiency Behavior: The Role of Information Labels , 2013, Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists.