Resumption, Successive Cyclicity, and the Locality of Operations

If locality conditions are at the heart of syntax (as increasingly seems to be the case), then the existence of apparently unbounded dependencies like that in (1) represents an anomaly. Since Chomsky (1973) it has come to be widely believed that the apparently distant connection between antecedent and variable position in such cases is in fact mediated by a sequence of more local connections—on one interpretation at least, a sequence of relatively local movements accessing successively higher left-peripheral positions between the variable position and the ultimate binder of that variable position. In all variants of this core idea, the specifier position of CP is one of the crucial left-peripheral positions in establishing these connections (in many variants it is the only such position). Thus, the derivation of (1) can be schematized as in (2):

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