Scaling of blood parameters in mammals

Abstract 1. 1. Values for blood plasma and red cell volumes, as well as hematocrit and half-saturation (T 50 ) values in male and female mammals, both aquatic and terrestrial, are submitted to linear (log-log) regression analysis. 2. 2. The slope of the regression lines for blood and plasma volumes is identically one. The slope (0.97) of the red cell regression is probably not significantly different from one ( df = 71, t = 2, P 3. 3. The slope (− 0.01) of the hematocrit regression line is, statistically speaking, different from zero ( df = 87, t = 4.7, P 4. 4. The slope (− 0.03) of the half-saturations ( T 50 ) values is also, statistically, different from zero ( df = 89, t = 4.1, P 5. 5. No statistically significant differences were found in any of the above blood parameters as between either male and female animals or aquatic and terrestrial mammals.

[1]  J. Parer,et al.  Some respiratory characteristics of the blood of the adult and young African pygmy goat. , 1967, Journal of applied physiology.

[2]  C. Lenfant,et al.  Respiratory function of blood of the adult and fetus Weddell seal Leptonychotes weddelli. , 1969, The American journal of physiology.

[3]  M. Michaelson,et al.  Plasma, erythrocyte, and whole blood volume in the normal beagle. , 1968, American journal of veterinary research.

[4]  J. Metcalfe,et al.  Respiratory properties and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentration in blood of the adult opossum (Didelphis virginiana)☆ , 1979 .

[5]  W. N. Jensen,et al.  Blood volume studies in normal and anemic swine. , 1955, The American journal of physiology.

[6]  C. Bauer,et al.  The influence of aldosterone and cortisol on oxygen affinity and cation concentration of the blood. , 1968, Respiration physiology.

[7]  J. Parer The O2 dissociation curve of blood of the rhesus monkey (Macaca Mulatta) , 1967 .

[8]  E. B. Reeve,et al.  Validity of cell and blood volume measurements in the bled splenectomized dog. , 1953, The American journal of physiology.

[9]  ALEC H. Laurie Some aspects of respiration in blue and fin whales , 1933 .

[10]  J. Parer,et al.  Hemodynamic adjustments in the pygmy goat during pregnancy and early postpartum. , 1974, Biology of reproduction.

[11]  E. A. Stead,et al.  RESPONSE OF NORMAL SUBJECTS TO ACUTE BLOOD LOSS: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE MECHANISM OF RESTORATION OF BLOOD VOLUME , 1941 .

[12]  T. Dawson,et al.  Influence of the spleen on blood volume and haematocrit in the brush-tailed possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) , 1968 .

[13]  E. B. Reeve,et al.  The plasma, cell and blood volumes of albino rabbits as estimated by the dye (T 1824) and 32P marked cell methods , 1952, The Journal of physiology.

[14]  J. Hodges,et al.  Red cell, plasma and blood volume in healthy men measured by radiochromium (Cr51) cell tagging and hematocrit: influence of age, somatotype and habits of physical activity on the variance after regression of volumes to height and weight combined. , 1959, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[15]  A. Henschel,et al.  Plasma volume and thiocyanate space in famine edema and recovery. , 1947, The American journal of physiology.

[16]  W. Neill,et al.  Changes in blood oxygen affinity and hemodynamics in anemic dogs. , 1971, Respiration physiology.

[17]  J. Metcalfe,et al.  Comparative studies of the respiratory functions of mammalian blood. X. Killer whale (Orcinus orca linnaeus) and beluga whale (Delphin apterus leucas). , 1974, Respiration physiology.

[18]  J. Parer,et al.  Respiratory studies of monotremes. I. Blood of the platypus (Ornithorynchus anatinus). , 1967, Respiration physiology.

[19]  D. Cooper,et al.  Blood volume studies in normal humans. , 1953, Surgery, gynecology & obstetrics.

[20]  R. Huggins,et al.  Effects of Hypertonic Glucose and Mannitol on Plasma Volume.∗ , 1966, Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine.

[21]  J. Prothero Heart weight as a function of body weight in mammals. , 1979, Growth.

[22]  Roderick A. Suthers,et al.  The Physiology and Energetics of Bat Flight , 1972 .

[23]  K. Huang,et al.  Simultaneous estimation of plasma volume, red cell volume and thiocyanate space in unanesthetized normal and splenectomized rats. , 1956, The American journal of physiology.

[24]  J. L. Larimer,et al.  Oxygen dissociation curves of mammalian blood in relation to body size. , 1958, The American journal of physiology.

[25]  M. Figallo,et al.  Simultaneous measurement of plasma volume and cell mass in polycythemia of high altitude. , 1970, Journal of applied physiology.

[26]  R. Bhattacharjee,et al.  Distribution of body water in the camel (Camelus dromedarius). , 1963, The American journal of physiology.

[27]  F. Courtice,et al.  The determination of blood volume by the carbon monoxide and dye (T‐1824) methods in rabbits , 1949, The Journal of physiology.

[28]  M. Bryden,et al.  Bloodparameters of the southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina, Linn.) in relation to diving. , 1969, Comparative biochemistry and physiology.

[29]  J. Metcalfe,et al.  Comparative studies of the respiratory functions of mammalian blood. IX. Ring-tailed lemur(Lemur catta)and black lemur (Lemur macaco). , 1972, Respiration physiology.

[30]  C. Rothe,et al.  Vascular Capacitance and Fluid Shifts in Dogs during Prolonged Hemorrhagic Hypotension , 1976, Circulation research.

[31]  J. P. Holt,et al.  Ventricular volumes and body weight in mammals. , 1968, The American journal of physiology.

[32]  P. L. McLain,et al.  Concurrent estimates of blood volume in animals by bleeding and dye methods. , 1951, American Journal of Physiology.

[33]  J. Wyburn,et al.  The Erythrocyte Life-span, Red Cell Mass and Plasma Volume of Normal Guinea-pigs as Determined by the Use of 51Chromium, 32Phosphorus Labelled Di-isopropyl Fluorophosphonate and 131Iodine Labelled Human Serum Albumin , 1963 .

[34]  F. Zizza,et al.  Erroneous measurement of plasma volume in the rabbit by T-1824. , 1958, The American journal of physiology.

[35]  M. Kleiber Body size and metabolic rate. , 1947, Physiological reviews.

[36]  C. Lenfant,et al.  Respiratory properties of the blood of five species of monkeys. , 1969, Respiration physiology.

[37]  J. Parer,et al.  Respiratory studies of monotremes. II. Blood of the echidna (Tachyglossus setosus). , 1967, Respiration physiology.

[38]  A. Lechner Respiratory adaptations in burrowing pocket gophers from sea level and high altitude. , 1976, Journal of applied physiology.

[39]  S. Tenney,et al.  Ventilatory response of llama to hypoxia at sea level and high altitude. , 1968, Respiration physiology.

[40]  H. Bunn,et al.  THE ROLE OF 2,3‐DIPHOSPHOGLYCERATE IN MEDIATING HEMOGLOBIN FUNCTION OF MAMMALIAN RED CELLS * , 1974, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[41]  H. Bartels,et al.  Comparative studies of the respiratory function of mammalian blood. V. Insectivora: shrew, mole and nonhibernating and hibernating hedgehog. , 1969, Respiration physiology.

[42]  E. B. Reeve,et al.  Distribution of cells and plasma in the normal and splenectomized dog and its influence on blood volume estimates with P32 and T-1824. , 1953, The American journal of physiology.

[43]  S. Hemmingsen,et al.  Energy metabolism as related to body size and respiratory surfaces, and its evolution , 1960 .

[44]  J. Remmers,et al.  Comparative Quantitative Morphology of the Mammalian Lung: Diffusing Area , 1963, Nature.

[45]  J. Metcalfe,et al.  Respiratory characteristics of opossum (Didelphis virginiana) blood during chronic anemia. , 1978, Respiration physiology.

[46]  S. Lahiri Blood oxygen affinity and alveolar ventilation in relation in body weight in mammals. , 1975, The American journal of physiology.

[47]  R. Elliott,et al.  HEMODYNAMICS OF KANGAROOS AND WALLABIES. , 1964, The American journal of physiology.

[48]  K. Riegel,et al.  RESPIRATORY FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD OF THE YAK, LLAMA, CAMEL, DYBOWSKI DEER, AND AFRICAN ELEPHANT. , 1963, American Journal of Physiology.

[49]  F. Hall Minimal utilizable oxygen and the oxygen dissociation curve of blood of rodents. , 1966, Journal of applied physiology.

[50]  C. P. Lyman,et al.  The effect of hibernation on the replacement of blood in the golden hamster. , 1957, The Journal of experimental zoology.

[51]  T. Thorne,et al.  Comparative studies of the respiratory functions of mammalian blood. XI. Pronghorn antelope (Antilocapra americana). , 1974, Respiration physiology.

[52]  R. A. Holland,et al.  Oxygen affinity and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in blood of Australian marsupials of differing body size. , 1977, Respiration physiology.

[53]  Samuel Brody,et al.  Bioenergetics and growth. With special reference to the efficiency complex in domestic animals. , 1946 .

[54]  C. Comar,et al.  Blood Volume of Swine.∗ , 1951, Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine.

[55]  J. Metcalfe,et al.  Comparative studies of the respiratory functions of mammalian blood. 8. Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) and African elephant (Loxodonta africana africana). , 1972, Respiration physiology.

[56]  J. Metcalfe,et al.  Comparative studies of the respiratory functions of mammalian blood. VII. Armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus). , 1971, Respiration physiology.

[57]  C Lenfant,et al.  Gas transport and oxygen storage capacity in some pinnipeds and the sea otter. , 1970, Respiration physiology.

[58]  R. Baumann,et al.  A comparative study of the respiratory properties of bird blood. , 1977, Respiration physiology.

[59]  G. Maloiy,et al.  Blood respiratory properties in the naked mole rat Heterocephalus glaber, a mammal of low body temperature. , 1976, Respiration physiology.

[60]  O. Rettori,et al.  Correlation between body fluid volumes and body weight in the rat. , 1966, The American journal of physiology.

[61]  G. K. Snyder Respiratory characteristics of whole blood and selected aspects of circulatory physiology in the common short-nosed fruit bat, Cynopterus brachyotis. , 1976, Respiration physiology.

[62]  J. D. Burke Blood Volume in Mammals , 1954, Physiological Zoology.

[63]  H. Chantrenne Information in Biology , 1963, Nature.

[64]  P. Farnsworth,et al.  Fcells Values in the Normal and Splenectomized Cat , 1960 .

[65]  J. Patterson,et al.  Circulation of the Giraffe , 1960, Circulation research.

[66]  H. S. Mayerson,et al.  Comparison of Results of Measurement of Red Blood Cell Volume by Direct and Indirect Technics , 1948 .

[67]  C. Stroebel,et al.  Erythrocyte volume, plasma volume, and lean body mass in adult men and women. , 1969, Blood.

[68]  R. Valsecchi,et al.  NORMAL BLOOD VOLUMES IN THE HORSE. , 1964, The American journal of physiology.

[69]  S. Chien,et al.  Cell volume, plasma volume, total blood volume and F cells factor in the rhesus monkey. , 1958, American Journal of Physiology.

[70]  J. Furth,et al.  Hypervolemia secondary to grafted granulosa-cell tumor. , 1946, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[71]  S. Anderson Recent mammals of the world , 1967 .

[72]  A. Steinbeck The plasma and blood volumes of normal Australian males and notes on their estimation. , 1950, Australian Journal of Experimental Biology and Medical Science.

[73]  R. W. Bullard,et al.  Blood characteristics and volume in two rodents native to high altitude. , 1966, Journal of applied physiology.

[74]  C. Kutscher Plasma volume change during water-deprivation in gerbils, hamsters, guinea pigs and rats. , 1968, Comparative biochemistry and physiology.

[75]  Characterization of the blood volume and iron kinetics in the three-toed sloth, Bradypus tridactylus , 1978 .

[76]  E. Rapaport,et al.  Pulmonary red cell and plasma volumes and pulmonary hematocrit in the normal dog. , 1956, The American journal of physiology.

[77]  W. R. Stahl,et al.  Scaling of respiratory variables in mammals. , 1967, Journal of applied physiology.

[78]  W. O. Butler,et al.  Blood Volume of Farm Animals , 1953 .

[79]  S. Ridgway,et al.  Blood volume and other hematologic values in young elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris). , 1970, American journal of veterinary research.

[80]  F. Roughton,et al.  Simultaneous determinations of blood volume by CO and dye (T-1824) under various conditions. , 1946, The American journal of physiology.

[81]  J. Hatcher,et al.  Blood volume and basal metabolic rate of Eskimos. , 1954, Metabolism: clinical and experimental.

[82]  J. Fabre,et al.  The measurement of circulating blood volume and of the blood volume impregnating organs in rat and rabbit, using 113mIn-labelled transferrin. , 1979, International journal of nuclear medicine and biology.

[83]  Muldowney Fp The relationship of total red cell mass to lean body mass in man. , 1957 .

[84]  W. A. Evans,et al.  CLINICAL STUDIES OF THE BLOOD VOLUME. II. THE RELATION OF PLASMA AND TOTAL BLOOD VOLUME TO VENOUS PRESSURE, BLOOD VELOCITY RATE, PHYSICAL MEASUREMENTS, AGE AND SEX IN NINETY NORMAL HUMANS. , 1937, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[85]  J. Parer,et al.  Oxygen transport and hemodynamics in unanesthetized American opossum (Didelphisvirginiana) , 1975 .

[86]  L. J. Davis The Determination of the Blood Volume in Man with Evans Blue ("T-1824") , 1942, Edinburgh medical journal.

[87]  J. Patterson,et al.  Observations on the Circulation of Domestic Cattle , 1960, Circulation research.

[88]  K. D. Jürgens,et al.  Blood oxygen transport and organ weights of two shrew species (S. etruscus and C. russula). , 1979, The American journal of physiology.

[89]  G. M. Hughes Comparative Physiology of Vertebrate Respiration , 1963 .

[90]  W. V. Macfarlane,et al.  Turn-Over and Distribution of Water in Desert Camels, Sheep, Cattle and Kangaroos , 1963, Nature.

[91]  E. P. Walker,et al.  Mammals of the World , 1969 .

[92]  D. Pressman,et al.  Plasma and Blood Volumes of Mouse Organs, As Determined with Radioactive Iodoproteins.∗ , 1950, Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine.

[93]  J. J. Friedman Organ Plasma Volume of Normal Unanesthetized Mice.∗ , 1955, Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine.

[94]  A. Ersland,et al.  The respiratory properties of the blood of the hibernating hedgehog Erinaceus europaeus L. , 1968, Respiration physiology.

[95]  J. Parer,et al.  A quantitative comparison of oxygen transport in sheep and human subjects , 1967 .

[96]  A. Shkolnik,et al.  Blood-gas properties and function in the fossorial mole rat under normal and hypoxic-hypercapnic atmospheric conditions. , 1977, Respiration physiology.

[97]  M. Reynolds Plasma and blood volume in the cow using the T-1824 hematocrit method. , 1953, The American journal of physiology.

[98]  J. Storaasli,et al.  A Comparative Study of Blood Volume in Dogs , 1948, Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine.

[99]  B. Wranne,et al.  Effect of increased blood oxygen affinity on work performance of rats. , 1973, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[100]  K. Riegel,et al.  Comparative studies of the respiratory functions of mammalian blood. II. Marsupialia: great grey kangaroo and Tasmanian devil. , 1966, Respiration physiology.