Head Equivalent Liquids: A Review on Composing, Recipes and Standards

Most of the electric-powered devices and systems emit electromagnetic energy to their environment. The main risk related to the absorption of this energy by biological bodies is commonly assumed to be the temperature rise. Investigation of temperature rise on human body, likely to occur during exposure to electromagnetic fields, conflicts with the code of ethics in academic research. This has led to the need for production of tissue equivalent liquids. Preparation of tissue equivalent liquids, used for determination of hyperthermia and dosimetry values, as well as the SAR (Specific Absorption Rate) values of the cell phones, requires high precision. The present study summarizes how to achieve a tissue equivalent liquid with references to recent progress in the literature with a view to become a pioneering effort for all researchers working in the field.

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