Theoretical considerations for evanescent-wave immunosensors in biomedical applications

Using evanescent wave immunosensors, a fluorescent labeled analyte may be concentrated within the active surface region by a combination of diffusion to the fiber surface and trapping of the molecule or complex by an antigen-antibody affinity reaction. With the dye B- phycoerythrin, approximately 1.5 X 10-22 moles may be sensed over a 1 mm2 surface. From this number (as determined for a particular dye and instrumentation system) and antibody affinity constants, limits to assay sensitivity can be calculated and the kinetics modeled.

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