What do we know about relapse in pathological gambling?

The study of pathological gambling and its treatment is in a nascent stage. To date, no consistent definition of relapse to gambling exists, and only a few empirical studies have evaluated the phenomenon of relapse directly in this patient population. Perspectives on relapse to drug and alcohol use appear relevant to the study of pathological gambling, and relapse to gambling is reviewed within the larger context of addictive disorders. The application of psychological, biological, environmental, and treatment factors are described as they may relate to relapse among pathological gamblers.

[1]  A. Blaszczynski,et al.  Pathological gamblers, heroin addicts and controls compared on the E.P.Q. 'Addiction Scale'. , 1985, British journal of addiction.

[2]  I. Giroux,et al.  Cognitive treatment of pathological gamblers. , 1998, Behaviour research and therapy.

[3]  R. Rosenthal,et al.  Self-reported withdrawal symptoms and pathological gambling. , 1992 .

[4]  R. Ladouceur,et al.  Cognitive and behavioral treatment of pathological gambling: a controlled study. , 1997, Journal of consulting and clinical psychology.

[5]  G A Marlatt,et al.  Understanding and preventing relapse. , 1986, The American psychologist.

[6]  A. Blaszczynski,et al.  A comparison of relapsed and non-relapsed abstinent pathological gamblers following behavioural treatment. , 1991, British journal of addiction.

[7]  R. Nora,et al.  The Rotter I-E Scale as a Predictor of Relapse in a Population of Compulsive Gamblers , 1992, Psychological reports.

[8]  J. Eiser,et al.  Differences in relapse precipitants and coping behaviour between alcohol relapsers and survivors. , 1979, Behaviour research and therapy.

[9]  J. Watson,et al.  A Comparison of Depression and Styles of Coping in Male and Female GA Members and Controls , 2004, Journal of Gambling Studies.

[10]  Marie-Cecile O. Tidwell,et al.  Alcohol and gambling pathology among U.S. adults: prevalence, demographic patterns and comorbidity. , 2001, Journal of studies on alcohol.

[11]  R. McCormick The importance of coping skill enhancement in the treatment of the pathological gambler , 1994, Journal of Gambling Studies.

[12]  A. Blaszczynski,et al.  Which pathological gamblers will complete treatment? , 2003, The British journal of clinical psychology.

[13]  N. el-Guebaly,et al.  Retrospective and prospective reports of precipitants to relapse in pathological gambling. , 2004, Journal of consulting and clinical psychology.

[14]  William J. Corney,et al.  Gambling behavior and information processing biases , 1985, Journal of gambling behavior.

[15]  M Linnoila,et al.  Extraversion in pathological gamblers. Correlates with indexes of noradrenergic function. , 1989, Archives of general psychiatry.

[16]  E. Hollander,et al.  Short-term single-blind fluvoxamine treatment of pathological gambling. , 1998, The American journal of psychiatry.

[17]  Kenneth J Sher,et al.  The natural history of problem gambling from age 18 to 29. , 2003, Journal of abnormal psychology.

[18]  J. Whelan,et al.  Development and validation of the Gamblers' Beliefs Questionnaire. , 2002, Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors.

[19]  Z. Steel,et al.  Impulsivity, personality disorders and pathological gambling severity. , 1998, Addiction.

[20]  Katherine M. Diskin,et al.  Psychophysiological and subjective responses of a community sample of video lottery gamblers in gambling venues and laboratory situations , 2003 .

[21]  D. Comings,et al.  The additive effect of neurotransmitter genes in pathological gambling , 2001, Clinical genetics.

[22]  R. Volberg,et al.  A hierarchy of gambling disorders in the community. , 2003, Addiction.

[23]  Cognitive changes in pathological gamblers following a 28-day inpatient program. , 2001 .

[24]  Isaac Marks,et al.  Behavioural Psychotherapy of Uncommon Referrals , 1982, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[25]  R L Custer,et al.  Profile of the pathological gambler. , 1984, The Journal of clinical psychiatry.

[26]  Suck-Won Kim,et al.  Double-blind naltrexone and placebo comparison study in the treatment of pathological gambling , 2001, Biological Psychiatry.

[27]  R. McCormick,et al.  Follow-up of male pathological gamblers after treatment: The relationship of intellectual variables to relapse , 1991, Journal of Gambling Studies.

[28]  N. Tarrier,et al.  The role of autonomic arousal in problem gambling. , 1995, Addiction.

[29]  Daniel Kahneman,et al.  Availability: A heuristic for judging frequency and probability , 1973 .

[30]  C. Blanco,et al.  Pathological gambling and DNA polymorphic markers at MAO-A and MAO-B genes , 2000, Molecular Psychiatry.

[31]  S. Currie,et al.  Motivational enhancement and self-help treatments for problem gambling. , 2001, Journal of consulting and clinical psychology.

[32]  N. Petry,et al.  Prevalence, assessment, and treatment of pathological gambling: a review. , 1999, Psychiatric services.

[33]  S. Hall,et al.  Social support and relapse: commonalities among alcoholics, opiate users, and cigarette smokers. , 1991, Addictive behaviors.

[34]  J. Derevensky,et al.  Familial and Social Influences on Juvenile Gambling Behavior , 2004, Journal of Gambling Studies.

[35]  R. Ladouceur,et al.  Gambling: Relationship Between the Frequency of Wins and Irrational Thinking , 1988 .

[36]  Z. Steel,et al.  Impulsivity in pathological gambling: the antisocial impulsivist. , 1997, Addiction.

[37]  K. Winters,et al.  Outcome of Minnesota's Gambling Treatment Programs , 2004, Journal of Gambling Studies.

[38]  Koller Km Treatment of poker-machine addicts by aversion therapy. , 1972 .

[39]  M. Dixon,et al.  Engaging in “Illusory Control” during Repeated Risk-Taking , 1998, Psychological Reports.

[40]  A. Blaszczynski,et al.  Controlled Comparison of Aversive Therapy and Imaginal Desensitization in Compulsive Gambling , 1983, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[41]  S. M. Alessi,et al.  Pathological gambling severity is associated with impulsivity in a delay discounting procedure , 2003, Behavioural Processes.

[42]  J. Fernández-Piqueras,et al.  Concurrent positive association between pathological gambling and functional DNA polymorphisms at the MAO-A and the 5-HT transporter genes , 2002, Molecular Psychiatry.

[43]  Rosa Dragonetti,et al.  Cognitive Distortions in Heavy Gambling , 2004, Journal of Gambling Studies.

[44]  E. Hollander,et al.  A randomized double-blind fluvoxamine/placebo crossover trial in pathologic gambling , 2000, Biological Psychiatry.

[45]  Z. Steel,et al.  Personality Disorders Among Pathological Gamblers , 2004, Journal of Gambling Studies.

[46]  S. Roelofs,et al.  Hyperventilation and anxiety: alcohol withdrawal symptoms decreasing with prolonged abstinence. , 1987, Alcohol.

[47]  E. Langer,et al.  Heads I win, tails it's chance: The illusion of control as a function of the sequence of outcomes in a purely chance task. , 1975 .

[48]  By A. B. Goorney Treatment of a Compulsive Horse Race Gambler by Aversion Therapy , 1968, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[49]  V. Lorenz,et al.  Personality factors and pathological gambling , 1989, Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica.

[50]  N. Abell,et al.  Examining the relationship between spousal involvement in Gam-Anon and relapse behaviors in pathological gamblers , 1991, Journal of Gambling Studies.

[51]  T. Toneatto,et al.  Cognitive psychopathology of problem gambling. , 1999, Substance use & misuse.

[52]  N. el-Guebaly,et al.  Natural and treatment-assisted recovery from gambling problems: a comparison of resolved and active gamblers. , 2000, Addiction.

[53]  L. Arseneault,et al.  Impulsivity predicts problem gambling in low SES adolescent males. , 1999, Addiction.

[54]  M Griffiths,et al.  Tolerance in gambling: an objective measure using the psychophysiological analysis of male fruit machine gamblers. , 1993, Addictive behaviors.

[55]  N. Petry Patterns and correlates of Gamblers Anonymous attendance in pathological gamblers seeking professional treatment. , 2003, Addictive behaviors.

[56]  Robert Ladouceur,et al.  Impact of Availability on Gambling: A Longitudinal Study , 2000, Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie.

[57]  T. Kamarck,et al.  Social support and smoking cessation and maintenance. , 1986, Journal of consulting and clinical psychology.

[58]  R. Hogarth,et al.  Shattering the Illusion of Control: Multi-shot Versus Single-Shot Gambles , 1994 .

[59]  R. Ladouceur,et al.  Cognitive Treatment of Pathological Gambling , 2001, The Journal of nervous and mental disease.

[60]  M. Dickerson,et al.  Levels of arousal in high- and low-frequency gamblers. , 1985, Behaviour research and therapy.

[61]  R. Ladouceur,et al.  Group therapy for pathological gamblers: a cognitive approach. , 2003, Behaviour research and therapy.

[62]  E. Echeburúa,et al.  Comparative Effectiveness of Three Therapeutic Modalities in the Psychological Treatment of Pathological Gambling: Long-Term Outcome , 1996, Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy.

[63]  C. Blanco,et al.  A Pilot Placebo-Controlled Study of Fluvoxamine for Pathological Gambling , 2002, Annals of clinical psychiatry : official journal of the American Academy of Clinical Psychiatrists.

[64]  D. Black,et al.  Quality of life and family history in pathological gambling. , 2003, The Journal of nervous and mental disease.

[65]  N. Petry,et al.  Substance abuse, pathological gambling, and impulsiveness. , 2001, Drug and alcohol dependence.

[66]  G. Syme,et al.  Personality and problem gambling. , 1986, The International journal of the addictions.

[67]  B. Carter,et al.  Meta-analysis of cue-reactivity in addiction research. , 1999, Addiction.

[68]  E. Echeburúa,et al.  PREDICTORS OF THERAPEUTIC FAILURE IN SLOT-MACHINE PATHOLOGICAL GAMBLERS FOLLOWING BEHAVIOURAL TREATMENT , 2001, Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy.

[69]  John C Gore,et al.  Gambling urges in pathological gambling: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. , 2003, Archives of general psychiatry.

[70]  S. Maisto,et al.  Conceptualizations of relapse , 1996 .

[71]  R. Wise The neurobiology of craving: implications for the understanding and treatment of addiction. , 1988, Journal of abnormal psychology.

[72]  Robert Ladouceur,et al.  Gambling, substance use, and impulsivity during adolescence. , 1998 .

[73]  W. Miller,et al.  What predicts relapse? Prospective testing of antecedent models. , 1996, Addiction.

[74]  M. Schedlowski,et al.  Casino gambling increases heart rate and salivary cortisol in regular gamblers , 2000, Biological Psychiatry.

[75]  J. Eiser,et al.  Towards a typology of relapse: a preliminary report. , 1977, Drug and alcohol dependence.

[76]  D. Russell,et al.  Social support and outcome of alcoholism treatment: an exploratory analysis. , 1992, The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse.

[77]  S. Tiffany,et al.  A cognitive model of drug urges and drug-use behavior: role of automatic and nonautomatic processes. , 1990, Psychological review.

[78]  K. Coventry,et al.  Arousal, sensation seeking and frequency of gambling in off-course horse racing bettors. , 1997, British journal of psychology.

[79]  P. Delfabbro,et al.  The social determinants of youth gambling in South Australian adolescents. , 2003, Journal of adolescence.

[80]  M. Tsuang,et al.  Familial influences on gambling behavior: an analysis of 3359 twin pairs. , 1998, Addiction.

[81]  L. Sobell,et al.  Pathological gambling treated with cognitive behavior therapy: a case report. , 1990, Addictive behaviors.

[82]  J. Vander Bilt,et al.  Estimating the prevalence of disordered gambling behavior in the United States and Canada: a research synthesis. , 1999, American journal of public health.

[83]  G. Anderson,et al.  Real and laboratory gambling, sensation-seeking and arousal. , 1984, British journal of psychology.

[84]  Dennis M. Donovan,et al.  Relapse prevention: Maintenance strategies in the treatment of addictive behaviors, 2nd ed. , 2005 .

[85]  A. Blaszczynski,et al.  Comparison of Imaginal Desensitisation with other Behavioural Treatments of Pathological Gambling a Two- to Nine-Year Follow-up , 1991, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[86]  M. Tsuang,et al.  A twin study of the association between pathological gambling and antisocial personality disorder. , 2001, Journal of abnormal psychology.

[87]  T. Kraft A short note on forty patients treated by systematic desensitization. , 1970, Behaviour research and therapy.

[88]  S. Borg,et al.  Clinical conditions in alcoholics during long-term abstinence: a descriptive, longitudinal treatment study. , 1985, Alcohol.

[89]  J. Barker,et al.  Aversion Therapy for Compulsive Gambling , 1966, The Journal of nervous and mental disease.

[90]  T. Toneatto,et al.  Effect of a New Casino on Problem Gambling in Treatment-Seeking Substance Abusers , 2003, Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie.

[91]  N. Petry,et al.  Psychological experience of gambling and subtypes of pathological gamblers , 2006, Psychiatry Research.

[92]  S. Maisto,et al.  Conceptualizations of relapse: a summary of psychological and psychobiological models. , 1996, Addiction.

[93]  Debi A. LaPlante,et al.  Laying the foundation for quantifying regional exposure to social phenomena: considering the case of legalized gambling as a public health toxin. , 2004, Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors.

[94]  D. Comings,et al.  Studies of the potential role of the dopamine D1 receptor gene in addictive behaviors , 1997, Molecular Psychiatry.

[95]  R. M. Stewart,et al.  An Outcome Study of Gamblers Anonymous , 1988, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[96]  M. Beattie,et al.  General and alcohol-specific social support following treatment. , 1999, Addictive behaviors.

[97]  K. Lynch,et al.  Alcohol relapse as a function of relapse definition in a clinical sample of adolescents. , 2003, Addictive behaviors.

[98]  P. Skudlarski,et al.  An Fmri Stroop Task Study of Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortical Function in Pathological Gamblers Image Acquisition , 2022 .

[99]  N. el-Guebaly,et al.  Psychiatric Comorbidity in Pathological Gambling: A Critical Review , 1998, Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie.

[100]  K. Coventry,et al.  Physiological arousal and sensation-seeking in female fruit machine gamblers. , 1999, Addiction.

[101]  A. Blaszczynski,et al.  Video lottery: winning expectancies and arousal. , 2003, Addiction.