Decentralized frequency-voltage control and stability enhancement of standalone wind turbine-load-battery

Abstract This paper simulates an islanding network including wind turbine, battery energy storage systems (BESS), and load. The purpose is to control voltage and frequency of the load following wind speed variations by proper control of BESS. A decentralized control scheme including two control loops is designed on BESS. One control loop is implemented for voltage regulation and the other loop is designed for frequency control. Both loops are equipped with PI (Proportional–Integral) type controllers as internal controllers. Furthermore, both loops are equipped with supplementary stabilizers as external controllers. The internal controllers regulate frequency and voltage and the external stabilizers enhance stability. This paper optimally tunes all the parameters of internal controllers and external stabilizers at the same time. The problem for tuning a large number of the design variables is mathematically expressed as a mixed integer nonlinear optimization programming and solved by modified-adaptive PSO technique. The proposed methodology is simulated on a typical standalone network including wind turbine, BESS, and load. The accurate model of BESS and wind turbine is incorporated to cope with real conditions. Moreover, in order to demonstrate the real-world results, non-linear time domain simulations are carried out in MATLAB software. The results verify that the proposed control scheme can efficiently utilize BESS to control voltage, regulate frequency, and damp out oscillations under wind and load variations.