PIEZOELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF ORGANIC POLYMERS

Piezoelectric properties have been investigated for a variety of biopolymers, such as cellulose, collagen, and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), a series of synthetic poly amino acids, such as poly-y-benzyl-L-glutamate, and several electret polymers, such as drawn and polarized polyvinylidene fluoride. An apparatus has been developed to determine simultaneously the real and imaginary parts of the four piezoelectric constants, d , e, g, and h, the elastic constant, and the dielectric constant as functions of temperature. The piezoelectric relaxations in polymers have been shown to be closely associated with the elastic and dielectric relaxations. The influence of the moisture content on the piezoelectric properties has been investigated for horn keratin, reconstituted collagen tapes, and oriented DNA films. The dielectric relaxation and electrical conductivity of the absorbed water decrease the piezoelectric constant of the proteins and change its temperature dependence. Dehydration of DNA reverses the sign of the piezoelectric constant, which is likely t o be caused by the conformational change of DNA molecules from a hydrated regular form to a dehydrated disordered state.

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