Sensing of the weld penetration at the beginning of pulsed gas metal arc welding

Abstract To guarantee good penetration status at the beginning of pulsed gas metal arc welding (GMAW-P), a sensing method based on arc voltage was proposed to sense the weld penetration. A stationary arc was applied to the workpiece for two seconds to mimic the beginning process of welding. The change in arc voltage at peak current period (det U ) was used to characterize the penetration status. It declined when the arc started until it reached a relatively stable value when the weld pool stabilized. The critical penetration could be achieved when det U equals to 4.10 V herein. A penetration control strategy, by seeking the inflection point and comparing the detected det U with the set point, could control weld penetration at the beginning of pulsed gas metal arc welding.

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