Coordinated scheduling of energy storage systems as a fast reserve provider

Abstract The need for the operational reserve is growing due to the increase of variability and intermittency in both generation and demand sides. Hence, energy storage systems (ESSs) are considered as an alternative source of the reserve, while conventional generators are not efficient based on economic and environmental perspectives. This paper studies an enhanced model for ESSs’ participation as a fast reserve provider. The day-ahead scheduling of ESSs within scenarios disturbs their stored energy in the sequence of hours. This issue can dramatically increase or decrease the stored energy of ESSs and threatens the safety of operational planning. The proposed model of this paper introduces coordination strategies for the deployment of fast reserves of ESSs. The stochastic model of this paper considers the fluctuations of wind speed and also the load forecasting errors as the source of uncertainties. A decomposition-based method is employed to reduce the complexity of the model dealing with a large number of variables. A modified version of the IEEE RTS-24 test system is used to evaluate different strategies for managing of ESSs' reservoir. The result shows that large deviations of the reservoir can make the operation of ESSs infeasible in uncoordinated strategies. Also, two proposed strategies for performance under normal and conservative criteria provide choices for system operators based on the desired level of security. Besides, the deployment of fast reserves of ESSs improves operation quality by the money-saving and increasing the quality of power delivery.