Abstract shape recognition by machine

Graphic pattern recognition in the development of total systems for information selection and retrieval is considered. A particular hypothetical machine model for shape recognition is described. Examples are given of recognition of 12 to 20 categories of geometric shapes, by use of a contour-projection principle. Within certain limitations, the model identifies these graphic patterns, regardless of size, location, and certain rotational transformations. It provides means for detecting classes of patterns which would or would not be ambiguous with respect to any of the patterns that are recognizable. Problems in practical application, including possibilities for recognition of constrained handdrawn figures, are considered. Possible means of implementation are also discussed.

[1]  Frank Rosenblatt,et al.  Perceptron Simulation Experiments , 1960, Proceedings of the IRE.

[2]  O. G. Selfridge,et al.  Pattern Recognition and Modern Computers , 1899 .

[3]  Marvin Minsky,et al.  Steps toward Artificial Intelligence , 1995, Proceedings of the IRE.

[4]  E. C. Riekeman.  Determination of redundancies in a set of patterns (Corresp.) , 1957, IRE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[5]  L. Kovasznay,et al.  Optical Autocorrelation Measurement of Two‐Dimensional Random Patterns , 1957 .

[6]  N. Sutherland,et al.  A test of a theory of shape discrimination in Octopus vulgaris Lamarck. , 1959, Journal of comparative and physiological psychology.

[7]  H. Sherman,et al.  A quasi-topological method for the recognition of line patterns , 1959, IFIP Congress.

[8]  T. L. Dimond,et al.  Devices for Reading Handwritten Characters , 1899 .

[9]  L. A. Kamentsky,et al.  Pattern and character recognition systems: picture processing by nets of neuron-like elements , 1959, IRE-AIEE-ACM '59 (Western).

[10]  山口 楠雄,et al.  Pattern Recognition by Means of Automatic Analogue Apparatus , 1960 .

[11]  Franz L. Alt,et al.  Digital Pattern Recognition by Moments , 1962, JACM.

[12]  Arthur Glovazky.  Determination of redundancies in a set of patterns , 1956, IRE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[13]  Worthie Doyle,et al.  Recognition of sloppy, hand-printed characters , 1960, IRE-AIEE-ACM '60 (Western).

[14]  M. L. Babcock.  Some physiology of automata , 1961, IRE-AIEE-ACM '61 (Western).

[15]  Leonard Uhr,et al.  A pattern recognition program that generates, evaluates, and adjusts its own operators , 1961, IRE-AIEE-ACM '61 (Western).

[16]  Leon D. Harmon,et al.  A line-drawing pattern recognizer , 1899, IRE-AIEE-ACM '60 (Western).

[17]  Sutherland Ns,et al.  A test of a theory of shape discrimination in Octopus vulgaris Lamarck. , 1959 .

[18]  W. Pitts,et al.  How we know universals; the perception of auditory and visual forms. , 1947, The Bulletin of mathematical biophysics.

[19]  R. A. Kirsch,et al.  Experiments in Processing Pictorial Information With a Digital Computer , 1899 .

[20]  J. Deutsch,et al.  The Plexiform Zone and Shape Recognition in the Octopus , 1960, Nature.

[21]  S. H. Unger,et al.  A Computer Oriented toward Spatial Problems , 1958 .

[22]  John Holland,et al.  A universal computer capable of executing an arbitrary number of sub-programs simultaneously , 1959, IRE-AIEE-ACM '59 (Eastern).

[23]  G. P. Dinneen.  Programming pattern recognition , 1955, AFIPS '55 (Western).

[24]  W. W. Bledsoe,et al.  Pattern recognition and reading by machine , 1959, IRE-AIEE-ACM '59 (Eastern).

[25]  Arthur Gill,et al.  Minimum-scan pattern recognition , 1959, IRE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[26]  A. M. Uttley,et al.  Imitation of Pattern Recognition and Trial-and-Error Learning in a Conditional Probability Computer , 1959 .

[27]  Richard L. Grimsdale,et al.  A system for the automatic recognition of patterns , 1959 .

[28]  J. Deutsch.  A theory of shape recognition. , 1955, British journal of psychology.

[29]  B. G. Farley,et al.  Generalization of pattern recognition in a self-organizing system , 1955, AFIPS '55 (Western).

[30]  L. S. G. Kovasznay,et al.  Image Processing , 1955, Proceedings of the IRE.

[31]  O. Schade.  Optical and photoelectric analog of the eye. , 1956, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[32]  J. S. Bomba,et al.  Alpha-numeric character recognition using local operations , 1959, IRE-AIEE-ACM '59 (Eastern).

[33]  L S Kovasznay,et al.  Processing of Two-Dimensional Patterns by Scanning Techniques. , 1953, Science.