Free formaldehyde reduction in urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive: Modifier addition effect and physicochemical property characterization

Melamine, polyvinyl alcohol, and adipic acid dihydrazide as modifiers were added to urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin for reducing the free formaldehyde. The influence of addition amount and addition stage of modifiers on the physicochemical property and free formaldehyde content of UF resin was tested. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) were used to determine the structural change and thermal stability of the resins. The results revealed that the UF resin added with 6% melamine had the lowest free formaldehyde content of 0.31%. Among all modified resins added with equal amount of modifier in different stages, the UF resin added with 3% polyvinyl alcohol in the second alkaline stage achieved the lowest free formaldehyde content of 0.33%. More importantly, the comprehensive effect of melamine, polyvinyl alcohol, and adipic acid dihydrazide on the free formaldehyde content of resin was studied. The free formaldehyde content in the UF resin added with the comprehensive modifiers achieved 0.24% content, and formaldehyde emission of this kind of adhesive was just 0.21 mg/g. Coupling the experimental results with the characterization data, comprehensive modifiers can reduce the formation of chemical bonds (methylene and ether bonds) in the resin and improve thermal stability of UF resin effectively.

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