Enhancement of dental pulp stem cell viability using acmella oleraceae extract combined with bioactive glass

This study aims to determine the effects of bioactive glass (BG) combined with Acmella oleracea (AO) extracts on dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) viability. DPSC were exposed to different combinations of BG-AO leave extract-conditioned medium. The BG 45S5 powder was synthesized using the sol-gel method. AO extract was prepared using ethanol extraction method. Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) analysis of the AO ethanol extract was performed on a GCMS system consisting of an Agilent 6890 gas chromatograph coupled with an Agilent 5973 mass spectrometer. Sol-gel BG conditioned medium doped with AO extracts at various concentrations (25, 50, 100 and 250 µg/mL) with BG (1 mg/ mL) were prepared and exposed to DPSC. The DPSC was also treated using BG- and AO- only conditioned medium and non-treated cell as control. The DPSC cells’ responses were assessed using Alamar Blue (AB) assay. The results showed that GCMS analysis revealed the presence of amide, ester, terpenoid, fatty acid, alkene, terpene, carbohydrate, phenolic and alkane groups. Based on the AB assay, the BGAO- conditioned medium promoted DPSC viability. However, an increase in DPSC cell viability is clearly observed at Day 7 and 14 following exposure in BGAO-conditioned medium at the ratio of 1 mg/mL BG with 50 and 100 µg/mL of AO in comparison with AO alone. BGAO-conditioned medium at a dose of 25 µg/mL supported greater DPSC viability compared to other combination doses. The effect of combination of BG and AO towards DPSC at a certain dosage revealed continuous cell viability over the observation period and promoted cell growth that may be contributed by the combined effects of BG dissolution ions into the culture medium and also the presence of identified compound from the AO extracts namely phytol, linoleic acid, palmitic acid and 1, 4, 7,-Cycloundecatriene, 1, 5, 9, 9-tetramethyl, Z, Z, Z. Thus, it may have a significant potential to help in promoting dental and hard tissue regeneration

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