Dynamics and Control

This chapter examines the fundamental aspects of modular multilevel converter (MMC) dynamics and control. It starts with a description of the converter topology for the purpose of dynamic modeling. An averaged dynamic model is then derived which constitutes the basis for the control???system design. The control loop for the output current has the highest bandwidth of all nested control loops; its design is analyzed here. Arm???balancing control stage includes control of the circulating current and of the sum capacitor voltages. General theory for three???phase systems and space vectors is considered, before revisiting output???current control but using space vectors in a synchronously rotating reference frame. The first block in the chain is the higher???level control, which includes the phase???locked loop (PLL) that is used for grid synchronization, active and reactive???power control, DC???bus???voltage control, and the principle of power???synchronization control.

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