Benefit estimation model for pedestrian auto brake functionality

Accident data show that the vast majority of pedestrian accidents involve a passenger car. A refined method for estimating the potential effectiveness of a technology designed to support the car driver in mitigating or avoiding pedestrian accidents is presented. The basis of the benefit prediction method consists of accident scenario information for pedestrian-passenger car accidents from GIDAS, including vehicle and pedestrian velocities. These real world pedestrian accidents were first reconstructed and the system effectiveness was determined by comparing injury outcome with and without the functionality enabled for each accident. The predictions from Volvo Cars' general benefit estimation model are refined by including the actual system algorithm and sensing models for a relevant car in the simulation environment. The feasibility of the method is proven by a case study on an authentic technology; the auto brake functionality in collision warning with full auto brake and pedestrian detection (CWAB-PD). Assuming the system is adopted by all vehicles, the case study indicates a reduction of 24 percent in pedestrian fatalities for crashes where the pedestrians were struck by the front of a passenger car. (A) Paper to the session "Driver Assistant Strategies and Accident Causation" of the 4th International Conference on ESAR "Expert Symposium on Accident Research", 16th to 18th September 2010 in Hannover. For the covering abstract of the conference, see ITRD D366702.

[1]  Emma Tivesten,et al.  A Method for Estimating the Benefit of Autonomous Braking Systems Using Traffic Accident Data , 2006 .

[2]  Wassim G. Najm,et al.  Evaluation of an Automotive Rear-End Collision Avoidance System , 2006 .

[3]  Stefan Schramm,et al.  METHOD TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ACTIVE PEDESTRIAN PROTECTION SAFETY SYSTEMS , 2009 .

[4]  Henrik Liers.  Benefit Estimation of the Euro NCAP Pedestrian Rating Concerning Real-World Pedestrian Safety , 2009 .

[5]  Hans B. Pacejka,et al.  A New Tire Model with an Application in Vehicle Dynamics Studies , 1989 .

[6]  S Busch.  Entwicklung einer Bewertungsmethodik zur Prognose des Sicherheitsgewinns ausgewaehlter Fahrerassistenzsysteme , 2005 .

[7]  Dot Hs,et al.  A Methodology for Estimating Potential Safety Benefits for Pre-Production Driver Assistance Systems , 2008 .

[8]  David Richards,et al.  Pedestrians and Their Survivability at Different Impact Speeds , 2007 .

[9]  Ulrich Sander,et al.  Pedestrian fatality risk as a function of car impact speed. , 2009, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[10]  Johnny Korner,et al.  A Method for Evaluating Occupant Protection by Correlating Accident Data with Laboratory Test Data , 1989 .

[11]  Andrés Aparicio,et al.  EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PEDESTRIAN PROTECTION SYSTEMS THROUGH IN-DEPTH ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION, RECONSTRUCTION AND SIMULATION , 2009 .

[12]  Kip Smith,et al.  Pedestrian injury mitigation by autonomous braking. , 2010, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[13]  Arthur Carter,et al.  Safety impact methodology (SIM): evaluation of pre-production systems , 2009 .

[14]  Wolfgang Birk,et al.  Collision warning with auto brake , 2006 .

[15]  Wassim G. Najm,et al.  Exploratory Analysis of Pre-Crash Sensing Countermeasures , 2006 .

[16]  Margaret M. Peden,et al.  World Report on Road Traffic Injury Prevention , 2004 .

[17]  Daniel Blower,et al.  Advanced Crash Avoidance Technologies (ACAT) Program - Final Report of the Volvo-Ford-UMTRI Project: Safety Impact Methodology for Lane Departure Warning - Method Development and Estimation of Benefits , 2010 .

[18]  K. J. Tharp,et al.  Injury Severity Factors-Traffic Pedestrian Collisions , 1977 .

[19]  Christian Krettek,et al.  SCIENTIFIC APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY OF A NEW IN-DEPTH INVESTIGATION STUDY IN GERMANY CALLED GIDAS , 2003 .

[20]  Robert Fröming,et al.  Fußgängerschutz. Unfallgeschehen, Fahrzeuggestaltung, Testverfahren , 2007 .

[21]  Cheol Oh,et al.  Evaluation of a brake assistance system (BAS) using an injury severity prediction model for pedestrians , 2009 .

[22]  Stefan Schramm,et al.  Method to Assess the Effectiveness of Integrated Pedestrian Protection Safety Systems , 2009 .

[23]  Christian Erbsmehl,et al.  Simulation of Real Crashes as a Method for Estimating the Potential Benefits of Advanced SafetyTechnologies , 2009 .

[24]  Gary A. Davis,et al.  Relating Severity of Pedestrian Injury to Impact Speed in Vehicle-Pedestrian Crashes: Simple Threshold Model , 2001 .

[25]  Francisco Aparicio.  EEVC WG19 Activities on Primary and Secondary Safety Interaction , 2005 .

[26]  Cheol Oh,et al.  Assessing the safety benefits of an advanced vehicular technology for protecting pedestrians. , 2008, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[27]  H Brunner,et al.  Multivariate benefit estimation of future vehicle safety systems , 2009 .

[28]  Felix H. Walz,et al.  Speed Limit Reduction from 60 to 50 km/h and Pedestrian Injuries , 1983 .

[29]  Sophie Cuny,et al.  Are Expected and Observed Effectiveness of Emergency Brake Assist in Preventing Road Injury Accidents Consistent , 2005 .

[30]  Lotta Jakobsson,et al.  City Safety - A System Addressing Rear-End Collisions at Low Speeds , 2009 .