Energy efficiency and CO2 abatement in China township and village foundries

Township and Village Foundries (TVFs) are playing a more important role in the national foundry industry. The proportion of casting produced by TVFs has increased in the past two decades, taking about 65% of total national output. The average scale of TVFs is small. The integrated energy consumption of casting is about 700 kilogram coal equivalent per ton of casting. There is great potential for energy conservation. This paper applies a case study approach to analyse the barriers of energy conservation in TVFs and identify the approach to overcome the barriers.