Examining traffic conflicts of up stream toll plaza area using vehicles' trajectory data.

Despite the recognized benefits of electronic toll collection (ETC) system as an important part of toll plaza area, the mixed traffic of electronic toll collection (ETC) vehicles and manual toll collection (MTC) vehicles in the toll plaza diverging area are considered risky to vehicles, in which complex diverging and crossing behavior of vehicles would increase the collision risks. Therefore, it is vitally important to investigate the vehicle collision risk in the up stream toll plaza area. Video data are collected from a typical toll plaza in Nanjing, China, and vehicle trajectory data are extracted using an automated analysis system based on OpenCV. An extended Time-To-Collision (TTC) is proposed to evaluate the vehicle collision risk. Subsequently, the different effects on vehicle collision risk of vehicles with different toll collection types, target lanes and locations are compared. Furthermore, the random parameters logistic model is developed to investigate the effects of explanatory factors on the collision risk of vehicles diverging or adjusting their lane position. The results suggested that the MTC vehicles have the highest collision risk in the toll plaza diverging area and there are significant different effects on collision risk among vehicles with different target toll collection lanes. Further, more dangerous situations could be found for a vehicle if it is closer to the toll collection lanes and surrounded by heavy traffic. It is also confirmed that mixed traffic with MTC and ETC vehicles could increase the crash risk in the toll plaza diverging area. It is expected that the findings could help engineers and operators select the appropriate engineering and traffic control solutions to enhance the safety at the toll plaza diverging area.