Optimizing of lipid production in Cryptococcus heimaeyensis through M32 array of Taguchi design

Abstract Critical problems such as high price of fossil fuel and climate change have stirred up growing interest in providing suitable alternatives such as biodiesel and ethanol, although these alternatives have presented us with problems as a result of global competition in human food supply. Environmental problems, depletion of fossil fuel and industrialization inevitably highlight the demand for substituting a viable and renewable energy resource. Accordingly, isolation of oleaginous yeasts and optimization of lipid production proves to be invaluable. A total of 67 yeasts, from which 9 were oleaginous yeasts, were isolated for the purpose of this study. After lipid extraction, the best strain was selected and then identified through PCR. Optimization was done using M32 design by Qualitek-4 (W32b) software for analyzing the experiments. The results showed that Cryptococcus heimaeyensis proved to comprise lipid, dry biomass and lipid productivity of 6.75 g L −1 , 12.71 g L −1 and 53.10% in optimized conditions. The extracted lipid was analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The study revealed considerable potential of oleaginous yeasts as biodiesel feedstock and also the efficiency of Taguchi design in the optimization process.

[1]  M. Madani,et al.  Bioconversion of different carbon sources into microbial oil and biodiesel using oleaginous yeasts , 2012 .

[2]  Gönül Dönmez,et al.  Improving the lipid accumulation properties of the yeast cells for biodiesel production using molasses. , 2010, Bioresource technology.

[3]  D. Leung,et al.  A review on biodiesel production using catalyzed transesterification , 2010 .

[4]  X. Miao,et al.  High quality biodiesel production from a microalga Chlorella protothecoides by heterotrophic growth in fermenters. , 2006, Journal of biotechnology.

[5]  M. Bayat,et al.  Recycling of lignocellulosic waste materials to produce high-value products: single cell oil and xylitol , 2015, International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology.

[6]  M. Enshaeieh,et al.  Medium optimization for biotechnological production of single cell oil using Yarrowia lipolytica M7 and Candida sp. , 2013 .

[7]  L. Beuchat,et al.  Molecular Characterization of Yarrowia lipolytica and Candida zeylanoides Isolated from Poultry , 2000, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[8]  M. Huesemann,et al.  Microbial Factors Rather Than Bioavailability Limit the Rate and Extent of PAH Biodegradation in Aged Crude Oil Contaminated Model Soils , 2002 .

[9]  Silla H. Hansen,et al.  Characterization of newly isolated oleaginous yeasts - Cryptococcus podzolicus, Trichosporon porosum and Pichia segobiensis , 2014, AMB Express.

[10]  Shu-lin Chen,et al.  Feasibility of filamentous fungi for biofuel production using hydrolysate from dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment of wheat straw , 2012, Biotechnology for Biofuels.

[11]  B. Cheirsilp,et al.  Industrial wastes as a promising renewable source for production of microbial lipid and direct transesterification of the lipid into biodiesel. , 2013, Bioresource technology.

[12]  Michael C. Madden,et al.  Biodiesel Exhaust: The Need for Health Effects Research , 2007, Environmental health perspectives.

[13]  Shu-lin Chen,et al.  Oil production by oleaginous yeasts using the hydrolysate from pretreatment of wheat straw with dilute sulfuric acid. , 2011, Bioresource technology.

[14]  S. Sheng,et al.  Factors affecting γ-linolenic acid content in fermented glutinous rice brewed by Rhizopus sp. , 2004 .

[15]  Ameeta Ravikumar,et al.  Evaluation of single cell oil (SCO) from a tropical marine yeast Yarrowia lipolytica NCIM 3589 as a potential feedstock for biodiesel , 2012, AMB Express.

[16]  Yuriy Rebets,et al.  SimReg1 is a master switch for biosynthesis and export of simocyclinone D8 and its precursors , 2012, AMB Express.

[17]  Seraphim Papanikolaou,et al.  Lipids of oleaginous yeasts. Part I: Biochemistry of single cell oil production. , 2011 .

[18]  Phil J Hobbs,et al.  The Taguchi methodology as a statistical tool for biotechnological applications: A critical appraisal , 2008, Biotechnology journal.

[19]  Magdalena Olkiewicz,et al.  Evaluation of Different Sludges from WWTP as a Potential Source for Biodiesel Production , 2012 .

[20]  V. Zverlov,et al.  Biofuels from microbes , 2007, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.

[21]  B. Moser.  Biodiesel production, properties, and feedstocks , 2009, In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant.

[22]  D. Lin-Vien.  The Handbook of Infrared and Raman Characteristic Frequencies of Organic Molecules , 1991 .

[23]  Mo Xian,et al.  Biodiesel production from oleaginous microorganisms , 2009 .

[24]  Xin Zhao,et al.  Medium optimization for lipid production through co-fermentation of glucose and xylose by the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi , 2008 .

[25]  P. Pokethitiyook,et al.  SCREENING OF SELECTED OLEAGINOUS YEASTS FOR LIPID PRODUCTION FROM GLYCEROL AND SOME FACTORS WHICH AFFECT LIPID PRODUCTION BY YARROWIA LIPOLYTICA STRAINS , 2013 .

[26]  C. B. Raj,et al.  Advanced oxidation processes for wastewater treatment: Optimization of UV/H2O2 process through a statistical technique , 2005 .

[27]  H. El-Fadaly,et al.  Single Cell Oil Production by an Oleaginous Yeast Strain in a Low Cost Cultivation Medium , 2009 .

[28]  M. Madani,et al.  Improving microbial oil production with standard and native oleaginous yeasts by using Taguchi design , 2014, International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology.

[29]  Ulrich Schörken,et al.  Lipid biotechnology: Industrially relevant production processes , 2009 .

[30]  A. Ragauskas,et al.  Lipids from heterotrophic microbes: advances in metabolism research. , 2011, Trends in biotechnology.

[31]  R. Sakthivel,et al.  Ultra Structural and Analytical Studies of Biodiesel Producing Microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris and Senedesmis sp.) Collected from Tamil Nadu, India , 2011 .

[32]  W. Fernando,et al.  Technologies for production of biodiesel focusing on green catalytic techniques: A review , 2009 .

[33]  Bo Liu,et al.  Optimization of Culture Conditions for Lipid Production by Rhodosporidium toruloides , 2006 .

[34]  Zhang Xiao-yu.  Fatty acids production by fungi growing in sweet potato starch processing waste water , 2007 .

[35]  H. Chang,et al.  The effect of volatile fatty acids as a sole carbon source on lipid accumulation by Cryptococcus albidus for biodiesel production. , 2011, Bioresource technology.

[36]  Wei Li,et al.  Isolation of the Oleaginous Yeasts from the Soil and Studies of Their Lipid-Producing Capacities , 2009 .

[37]  X. Miao,et al.  Biodiesel production from heterotrophic microalgal oil. , 2006, Bioresource technology.

[38]  T. G. Villa,et al.  Oily yeasts as oleaginous cell factories , 2011, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.

[39]  S. Venkata Mohan,et al.  Laccase production by Pleurotus ostreatus 1804: Optimization of submerged culture conditions by Taguchi DOE methodology , 2005 .

[40]  Hatim Machrafi,et al.  Green Energy and Technology , 2012 .