The Moderating Effects of Psychological Detachment and Thoughts of Revenge in Workplace Bullying

Bullying at work has been receiving an increasing amount research attention as an important social stressor in work contexts. In contrast to existing research, which has concentrated overwhelmingly on work related predictors of bullying, to date, there is a lack of studies focusing on individual moderators of the experience of bullying. The aim of the present study is to examine the moderating role of psychological detachment and thoughts of revenge on the workplace bullying process. To minimize the effect of common method variance, we tested our hypothesis using a research design in which we collected data at two points in time separated by 1 month.

[1]  H. Anisman,et al.  Rumination: Bridging a gap between forgivingness, vengefulness, and psychological health , 2007 .

[2]  J. Durbin,et al.  Testing for serial correlation in least squares regression. I. , 1950, Biometrika.

[3]  K. W. Berblinger.  The Harassed Worker , 1977 .

[4]  Eva Gemzøe Mikkelsen,et al.  Relationships between bullying, psychosocial work environment and individual stress reactions , 2004 .

[5]  S. Sonnentag,et al.  The Recovery Experience Questionnaire: development and validation of a measure for assessing recuperation and unwinding from work. , 2007, Journal of occupational health psychology.

[6]  S. B. Matthiesen,et al.  Perpetrators and Targets of Bullying at Work: Role Stress and Individual Differences , 2007, Violence and Victims.

[7]  Laura M. Glynn,et al.  The Role of Rumination in Recovery from Reactivity: Cardiovascular Consequences of Emotional States , 2002, Psychosomatic medicine.

[8]  S. Lirtzman,et al.  Role Conflict and Ambiguity in Complex Organizations. , 1970 .

[9]  S. Einarsen.  Harassment and bullying at work: A review of the scandinavian approach , 2000 .

[10]  Roger Persson,et al.  Bullying at work, health outcomes, and physiological stress response. , 2006, Journal of psychosomatic research.

[11]  C. Cooper,et al.  The Concept of Bullying at work: the European tradition , 2002 .

[12]  John Schaubroeck,et al.  Antecedents and consequences of role stress: A covariance structure analysis , 1989 .

[13]  O. Gureje,et al.  The validity of two versions of the GHQ in the WHO study of mental illness in general health care , 1997, Psychological Medicine.

[14]  Heinz Leymann,et al.  The content and development of mobbing at work , 1996 .

[15]  J. Maxwell.  Anger rumination: an antecedent of athlete aggression? , 2004 .

[16]  M. Vartia.  The sources of bullying–psychological work environment and organizational climate , 1996 .

[17]  R. Lazarus.  Psychological stress and the coping process , 1970 .

[18]  S. Nolen-Hoeksema,et al.  Rumination Reconsidered: A Psychometric Analysis , 2003, Cognitive Therapy and Research.

[19]  Morten Birkeland Nielsen,et al.  Do targets of workplace bullying portray a general victim personality profile? , 2007, Scandinavian journal of psychology.

[20]  Jacob Cohen,et al.  Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences , 1979 .

[21]  D Eden,et al.  Relief from job stressors and burnout: reserve service as a respite. , 1998, The Journal of applied psychology.

[22]  M. McCullough,et al.  Rumination, fear, and cortisol: an in vivo study of interpersonal transgressions. , 2007, Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association.

[23]  D. Kleinbaum,et al.  Applied Regression Analysis and Other Multivariate Methods , 1978 .

[24]  H. Eriksen,et al.  The cognitive activation theory of stress , 2004, Psychoneuroendocrinology.

[25]  S. Einarsen,et al.  Relationships between stressful work environments and bullying: Results of a large representative study , 2007 .

[26]  I. Coyne,et al.  Predicting workplace victim status from personality , 2000 .

[27]  Helge Hoel,et al.  Bullying and emotional abuse in the workplace : international perspectives in research and practice , 2002 .

[28]  Frank H Wilhelm,et al.  All in the mind's eye? Anger rumination and reappraisal. , 2008, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[29]  S. Sonnentag,et al.  Switching off mentally: predictors and consequences of psychological detachment from work during off-job time. , 2005, Journal of occupational health psychology.

[30]  Julian F Thayer,et al.  The perseverative cognition hypothesis: a review of worry, prolonged stress-related physiological activation, and health. , 2006, Journal of psychosomatic research.

[31]  T. Beehr,et al.  Relationship of stress to individually and organizationally valued states: higher order needs as a moderator. , 1976, The Journal of applied psychology.

[32]  B. Bushman.  Does Venting Anger Feed or Extinguish the Flame? Catharsis, Rumination, Distraction, Anger, and Aggressive Responding , 2002 .

[33]  S. Nolen-Hoeksema,et al.  Effects of responses to depression on the remediation of depressive affect. , 1990, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[34]  S. Geurts,et al.  EFFECTS OF WORK-FAMILY CONFLICT ON EMPLOYEE’S WELL- BEING: THE MODERATING ROLE OF RECOVERY EXPERIENCES IE Business School Working Paper CO8-119-I 01-04-2008 Abstract Based on effort-recovery model and conservation of resources , 2008 .

[35]  S. Einarsen,et al.  Harassment in the Workplace and the Victimization of Men , 1997, Violence and Victims.

[36]  H. Hoel,et al.  Organisational antecedents of workplace bullying , 2003 .

[37]  M. Vartia,et al.  Empirical Findings on Prevalence and Risk Groups of Bullying in the Workplace , 2010, Bullying and Harassment in the Workplace.

[38]  D. Goldberg.  The detection of psychiatric illness by questionnaire : a technique for the identification and assessment of non-psychotic psychiatric illness , 1972 .

[39]  N. Bowling,et al.  Workplace harassment from the victim's perspective: a theoretical model and meta-analysis. , 2006, The Journal of applied psychology.

[40]  D. Watson,et al.  Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. , 1988, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[41]  S. Einarsen,et al.  Basic assumptions and symptoms of post-traumatic stress among victims of bullying at work , 2002 .

[42]  D. Sukhodolsky,et al.  Development and validation of the anger rumination scale , 2001 .

[43]  Scott B. MacKenzie,et al.  Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. , 2003, The Journal of applied psychology.

[44]  S. Nolen-Hoeksema.  Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes. , 1991, Journal of abnormal psychology.

[45]  I. Niedhammer,et al.  Association between workplace bullying and depressive symptoms in the French working population. , 2006, Journal of psychosomatic research.

[46]  William C. Pedersen,et al.  A Theoretical Model of Triggered Displaced Aggression , 2003 .