Voltametric monitoring of enzyme-mediated indigo reduction in the presence of various fibre materials

A comparative study of enzyme-mediated indigo reduction is presented as an environmentally-friendly alternative to alkaline sodium dithionite reduction. The effect of the mediator 1,8-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone in enzymatic reduction was studied by means of voltammetry, both in the presence and absence of different textile materials (polyamide 6, polyamide 6,6 and cotton), and compared to chemically reduced indigo. It was observed that bio-catalytic formation of leuco indigo and its exhaustion on substrates is inversely proportional to the pH within the range of 7–11. Additionally, substrate coloration was strongly influenced by the mediator, resulting in in situ formation of leuco indigo. This effect was most pronounced for polyamide substrates. The reuse of an enzyme-mediated reduction bath for dyeing was assessed showing that the levelness of the obtained shade was either excellent or good at pH 9 and 11, respectively. The wash, perspiration, and light color fastness properties of all textile materials dyed with enzymatically-reduced indigo were comparable or even better than those obtained with chemically reduced indigo. The use of enzyme-mediated reduction of indigo combined with potential reuse of the reduction bath represents a cost effective and environmentally-friendly dyeing process that can be applied for the dyeing of natural cellulosic and synthetic polyamide fibres.

[1]  Paul R. Paradise,et al.  Trademark Counterfeiting, Product Piracy, and the Billion Dollar Threat to the U.S. Economy , 1999 .

[2]  J. N. Etters,et al.  Equilibrium Sorption Isotherms of Indigo on Cotton Denim Yarn: Effect of pH , 1991 .

[3]  Voltammetric Determination of Leucoindigo Adsorbed on Pretreated Carbon Paste Electrodes: Its Application in a Flow System , 2005 .

[4]  F. Marken,et al.  Anthraquinone catalysis in the glucose-driven reduction of indigo to leuco-indigo. , 2009, Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP.

[5]  F. Marken,et al.  Electrochemical and sonoelectrochemical monitoring of indigo reduction by glucose , 2008 .

[6]  Georg M. Guebitz,et al.  Indigo Dyeing of Polyamide Using Enzymes for Dye Reduction , 2009 .

[7]  O. H. Lowry,et al.  Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. , 1951, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[8]  Agustín Costa-García,et al.  Voltammetric studies of indigo adsorbed on pre-treated carbon paste electrodes , 2000 .

[9]  A. Meden,et al.  Parameters Influencing Dyeability of Cotton Warp at Dip-Dyeing for Jeans , 2008 .

[10]  Nolan Etters,et al.  Advances In Indigo Dyeing: Implications for the Dyer, Apparel Manufacturer and Environment , 1995 .

[11]  M. Murkovic,et al.  Enzymatic reduction of azo and indigoid compounds , 2007, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.

[12]  P. John,et al.  Bacterial Indigo Reduction , 2004 .

[13]  Susan Budavari,et al.  The Merck index , 1998 .

[14]  V. Kokol,et al.  Ecological alternatives to the reduction and oxidation processes in dyeing with vat and sulphur dyes , 2008 .

[15]  C. Fernández-Sánchez,et al.  Comparative Voltammetric Behavior of Indigo Carmine at Screen-Printed Carbon Electrodes , 2002 .

[16]  R. Perea-Carpio,et al.  Electrokinetic and Thermodynamic Analysis of the Dyeing Process of Polyamide Fabric with Mordant Black 17. , 2001, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[17]  B. Thomas,et al.  Iron-complexes of bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-amino-compounds as mediators for the indirect reduction of dispersed vat dyes – Cyclic voltammetry and spectroelectrochemical experiments , 2006 .

[18]  Paul Kiekens,et al.  Improving Quality and Reproducibility of the Indigo Dye Process by Measuring and Controlling Indigo and Sodium Dithionite Concentrations , 2003 .

[19]  Paul Kiekens,et al.  Development of voltammetric sensors for the determination of sodium dithionite and indanthrene/indigo dyes in alkaline solutions , 1999 .

[20]  P. John,et al.  The mechanism of bacterial indigo reduction , 2005, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.

[21]  Philip John,et al.  A rotating disc voltammetry study of the 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone mediated reduction of colloidal indigo , 2006 .