Activity-guided fractionation of different wheat grain varieties

University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. August 2012. Major: Food science. Advisor: Pro. Mirko Bunzel. 1 computer file (PDF); xiii, 189 pages, appendices p. 167-189.

[1]  L. Bouter,et al.  Hyperglycaemia is associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the Hoorn population: the Hoorn Study , 1999, Diabetologia.

[2]  M. Bunzel,et al.  Chemical characterization of Klason lignin preparations from plant-based foods. , 2011, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[3]  Chi-Tang Ho,et al.  Chemopreventive effects of natural dietary compounds on cancer development. , 2008, Chemical Society reviews.

[4]  G. Williamson,et al.  Antioxidant properties of 4,4′‐dihydroxy‐3,3′‐dimethoxy‐β,β′‐bicinnamic acid (8‐8‐diferulic acid, non‐cyclic form) , 1999 .

[5]  T. Beta,et al.  Comparison of antioxidant activities of different colored wheat grains and analysis of phenolic compounds. , 2010, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[6]  R. Malvar,et al.  Phenolics in maize genotypes differing in susceptibility to Gibberella stalk rot (Fusarium graminearum Schwabe). , 2007, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[7]  P. Clifton,et al.  Cereal grains and legumes in the prevention of coronary heart disease and stroke: a review of the literature , 2006, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

[8]  E. Abdel‐Aal,et al.  Composition and stability of anthocyanins in blue-grained wheat. , 2003, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[9]  H. Corke,et al.  Anthocyanin characterization and bioactivity assessment of a dark blue grained wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Hedong Wumai) extract , 2007 .

[10]  Chang Li,et al.  Purification, composition analysis and antioxidant activity of a polysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma atrum , 2008 .

[11]  G. Williamson,et al.  Esterase activity able to hydrolyze dietary antioxidant hydroxycinnamates is distributed along the intestine of mammals. , 2001, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[12]  S. Adisakwattana,et al.  In Vitro Inhibitory Effects of Cyandin-3-rutinoside on Pancreatic α-Amylase and Its Combined Effect with Acarbose , 2011, Molecules.

[13]  N. Lane,et al.  A unifying view of ageing and disease: the double-agent theory. , 2003, Journal of theoretical biology.

[14]  D. Stewart,et al.  Different polyphenolic components of soft fruits inhibit alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase. , 2005, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[15]  E. Rimm,et al.  Whole grain consumption and weight gain: a review of the epidemiological evidence, potential mechanisms and opportunities for future research , 2003, Proceedings of the Nutrition Society.

[16]  H. Mykkänen,et al.  Antioxidant phytochemicals against type 2 diabetes , 2008, British Journal of Nutrition.

[17]  R. Prior,et al.  Standardized methods for the determination of antioxidant capacity and phenolics in foods and dietary supplements. , 2005, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[18]  Y. Hirose,et al.  Preventive potential of wheat bran fractions against experimental colon carcinogenesis: implications for human colon cancer prevention. , 2000, Cancer research.

[19]  Z. Kang,et al.  Studies on Symptom Development, Phenolic Compounds and Morphological Defence Responses in Wheat Cultivars Differing in Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight , 2002 .

[20]  A. Truswell.  Cereal grains and coronary heart disease , 2002, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

[21]  D. Jacobs,et al.  Whole-grain intake and cancer: an expanded review and meta-analysis. , 1998, Nutrition and cancer.

[22]  R. Henry,et al.  A SIMPLE AND RAPID PREPARATION OF ALDITOL ACETATES FOR MONOSACCHARIDE ANALYSIS , 1983 .

[23]  P. Winterhalter,et al.  Soluble and bound phenolic compounds in different Bolivian purple corn ( Zea mays L.) cultivars. , 2011, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[24]  S. Kulling,et al.  Protein interactions with cyanidin-3-glucoside and its influence on α-amylase activity , 2009 .

[25]  D. Stewart,et al.  Berry polyphenols inhibit α-amylase in vitro: identifying active components in rowanberry and raspberry. , 2011, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[26]  Mark A Pereira,et al.  Fiber from Whole Grains, but not Refined Grains, Is Inversely Associated with All-Cause Mortality in Older Women: The Iowa Women’s Health Study , 2000, Journal of the American College of Nutrition.

[27]  I. Rowland,et al.  In vitro antioxidant activity and antigenotoxicity of 5-n-alkylresorcinols. , 2006, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[28]  L. Rondini,et al.  Sulfated ferulic acid is the main in vivo metabolite found after short-term ingestion of free ferulic acid in rats. , 2002, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[29]  J. Kawabata,et al.  2-Aminoresorcinol is a potent α-glucosidase inhibitor , 2008 .

[30]  A. Schatzkin,et al.  Dietary fiber and whole-grain consumption in relation to colorectal cancer in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. , 2007, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[31]  E. Giltay,et al.  Insulin resistance is associated with elevated plasma total homocysteine levels in healthy, non-obese subjects. , 1998, Atherosclerosis.

[32]  O. Chun,et al.  Food matrix affecting anthocyanin bioavailability: review. , 2011, Current medicinal chemistry.

[33]  Y. Hara,et al.  The Inhibition of α-Amylase by Tea Polyphenols , 1990 .

[34]  C. Barreau,et al.  Natural mechanisms for cereal resistance to the accumulation of Fusarium trichothecenes , 2008, European Journal of Plant Pathology.

[35]  E. Rimm,et al.  Vegetable, fruit, and cereal fiber intake and risk of coronary heart disease among men. , 1996, JAMA.

[36]  Eisuke Kato,et al.  Synthesis and the Intestinal Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of 2-Aminoresorcinol Derivatives toward an Investigation of Its Binding Site , 2012, Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry.

[37]  E. Nebesny,et al.  Characterization of Amylose-lipid Complexes Derived from Different Wheat Varieties and their Susceptibility to Enzymatic Hydrolysis , 2008 .

[38]  D. Albanes,et al.  Diet and risk of colorectal cancer in a cohort of Finnish men , 1999, Cancer Causes & Control.

[39]  D. Appleton,et al.  Rapid isolation of geraniin from Nephelium lappaceum rind waste and its anti-hyperglycemic activity , 2011 .

[40]  Veronika Somoza,et al.  A novel method to measure both the reductive and the radical scavenging activity in a linoleic acid model system. , 2007, Molecular nutrition & food research.

[41]  W. Willett,et al.  Dietary glycemic load and atherothrombotic risk , 2002, Current atherosclerosis reports.

[42]  U. Takahama,et al.  Fatty acids, epicatechin-dimethylgallate, and rutin interact with buckwheat starch inhibiting its digestion by amylase: implications for the decrease in glycemic index by buckwheat flour. , 2010, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[43]  S. Larsson,et al.  Whole grain consumption and risk of colorectal cancer: a population-based cohort of 60 000 women , 2005, British Journal of Cancer.

[44]  R. Landberg,et al.  A rapid gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for quantification of alkylresorcinols in human plasma. , 2009, Analytical biochemistry.

[45]  P. Åman,et al.  Identification of cereal alkylresorcinol metabolites in human urine-potential biomarkers of wholegrain wheat and rye intake. , 2004, Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences.

[46]  F. Lajolo,et al.  EVALUATION OF RED CURRANTS (RIBES RUBRUM L.), BLACK CURRANTS (RIBES NIGRUM L.), RED AND GREEN GOOSEBERRIES (RIBES UVA‐CRISPA) FOR POTENTIAL MANAGEMENT OF TYPE 2 DIABETES AND HYPERTENSION USING IN VITRO MODELS , 2010 .

[47]  M. Garcia-Conesa,et al.  Hydroxycinnamic acid composition and in vitro antioxidant activity of selected grain fractions , 2006 .

[48]  A. Braune,et al.  Conversion of dehydrodiferulic acids by human intestinal microbiota. , 2009, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[49]  V. Fogliano,et al.  Cereal dietary fibre: a natural functional ingredient to deliver phenolic compounds into the gut , 2008 .

[50]  F. Lajolo,et al.  Potential of Ginkgo biloba L. leaves in the management of hyperglycemia and hypertension using in vitro models. , 2009, Bioresource technology.

[51]  K. Shetty,et al.  Phenolic-linked variation in strawberry cultivars for potential dietary management of hyperglycemia and related complications of hypertension. , 2010, Bioresource technology.

[52]  N. Dhalla,et al.  Role of oxidative stress in cardiovascular diseases , 2000, Journal of hypertension.

[53]  M. Hanefeld,et al.  Therapeutic Potentials of Acarbose as First-Line Drug in NIDDM Insufficiently Treated With Diet Alone , 1991, Diabetes Care.

[54]  W. W. Adams,et al.  Antioxidants in Photosynthesis and Human Nutrition , 2002, Science.

[55]  D. Mozaffarian,et al.  Executive summary: heart disease and stroke statistics--2010 update: a report from the American Heart Association. , 2010, Circulation.

[56]  S. Sang,et al.  5-alk(en)ylresorcinols as the major active components in wheat bran inhibit human colon cancer cell growth. , 2011, Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry.

[57]  Jin-Chul Shin,et al.  Characterization of antioxidant alkaloids and phenolic acids from anthocyanin-pigmented rice (Oryza sativa cv. Heugjinjubyeo) , 2007 .

[58]  L. Ndlovu,et al.  The effects of sorghum proanthocyanidins on digestive enzyme activity in vitro and in the digestive tract of chicken , 2000 .

[59]  A. Folsom,et al.  Dietary risk factors for upper aerodigestive tract cancers , 2002, International journal of cancer.

[60]  L. Copeland,et al.  Inhibition of enzymic digestion of amylose by free fatty acids in vitro contributes to resistant starch formation. , 2000, The Journal of nutrition.

[61]  Takashi Tanaka,et al.  Polymer-like polyphenols of black tea and their lipase and amylase inhibitory activities. , 2008, Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin.

[62]  A. Murakami,et al.  Target molecules of food phytochemicals: food science bound for the next dimension. , 2012, Food & function.

[63]  A. C. Zeven.  Wheats with purple and blue grains: a review , 1991, Euphytica.

[64]  G. Batta,et al.  Inhibitory effects of tannin on human salivary α-amylase , 2004 .

[65]  Paolo Vineis,et al.  Dietary fibre in food and protection against colorectal cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC): an observational study , 2003, The Lancet.

[66]  A. Kozubek,et al.  Cereal grain resorcinolic lipids: mono and dienoic homologues are present in rye grains , 1995 .

[67]  Mark A Pereira,et al.  Dietary fiber, weight gain, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in young adults. , 1999, JAMA.

[68]  F. Hu,et al.  The Mediterranean and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diets and colorectal cancer. , 2010, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[69]  Aletor Va,et al.  Allelochemicals in plant foods and feedingstuffs: 1. Nutritional, biochemical and physiopathological aspects in animal production. , 1993 .

[70]  J. M. Jones.  Whole Grains-Issues and Deliberations from the Whole Grain Task Force , 2008 .

[71]  G. Stewart,et al.  A novel assay for antioxidant potential of specialty malts , 1999 .

[72]  E. Graf,et al.  Antioxidant potential of ferulic acid. , 1992, Free radical biology & medicine.

[73]  McKeehen Jd,et al.  Evaluation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) phenolic acids during grain development and their contribution to Fusarium resistance. , 1999 .

[74]  Gary Williamson,et al.  Bioavailability and bioefficacy of polyphenols in humans. I. Review of 97 bioavailability studies. , 2005, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[75]  O. Folin,et al.  ON TYROSINE AND TRYPTOPHANE DETERMINATIONS IN PROTEINS , 1927 .

[76]  Y. Nishida,et al.  Quenching Activities of Common Hydrophilic and Lipophilic Antioxidants against Singlet Oxygen Using Chemiluminescence Detection System , 2007 .

[77]  B. Aggarwal,et al.  Oxidative stress, inflammation, and cancer: how are they linked? , 2010, Free radical biology & medicine.

[78]  E. Rimm,et al.  Dietary patterns and risk of colon cancer and adenoma in a cohort of men (United States) , 2004, Cancer Causes & Control.

[79]  K. Poutanen,et al.  Impact of Dietary Polyphenols on Carbohydrate Metabolism , 2010, International journal of molecular sciences.

[80]  E. Mayer-Davis,et al.  Whole-grain intake and insulin sensitivity: the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study. , 2003, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[81]  Qiang He,et al.  Effects of tea polyphenols on the activities of α-amylase, pepsin, trypsin and lipase , 2007 .

[82]  Frank B Hu,et al.  Intakes of whole grains, bran, and germ and the risk of coronary heart disease in men. , 2004, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[83]  R. Hamilton,et al.  Correlation of kernel (E)-ferulic acid content of maize with resistance to Fusarium graminearum , 1993 .

[84]  A. Trovato-Salinaro,et al.  The hormetic role of dietary antioxidants in free radical-related diseases. , 2010, Current pharmaceutical design.

[85]  Michael Brownlee,et al.  The pathobiology of diabetic complications: a unifying mechanism. , 2005, Diabetes.

[86]  D. Stewart,et al.  Different polyphenolic components of soft fruits inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase , 2005 .

[87]  P. Åman,et al.  Comparison of GC and colorimetry for the determination of alkylresorcinol homologues in cereal grains and products , 2009 .

[88]  R. E. Rundle,et al.  The Complexes of Fatty Acids with Amylose1 , 1946 .

[89]  K. M. Behall,et al.  Mechanisms of the Effects of Grains on Insulin and Glucose Responses , 2000, Journal of the American College of Nutrition.

[90]  A. Comeau,et al.  Metabolic profiling and factor analysis to discriminate quantitative resistance in wheat cultivars against fusarium head blight , 2005 .

[91]  S. Weitzman,et al.  Inflammation and cancer: role of phagocyte-generated oxidants in , 2011 .

[92]  K. Inouye,et al.  Kinetic analysis and mechanism on the inhibition of chlorogenic acid and its components against porcine pancreas alpha-amylase isozymes I and II. , 2009, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[93]  T. Laokuldilok,et al.  Antioxidants and antioxidant activity of several pigmented rice brans. , 2011, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[94]  R. Carle,et al.  A novel approach to authenticity control of whole grain durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) flour and pasta, based on analysis of alkylresorcinol composition , 2010 .

[95]  G. Williamson,et al.  Antioxidant properties of ferulic acid dimers. , 1997, Redox report : communications in free radical research.

[96]  A. Tsopmo,et al.  Tryptophan Released From Mother's Milk Has Antioxidant Properties , 2009, Pediatric Research.

[97]  J. Delcour,et al.  Amylose-inclusion complexes: Formation, identity and physico-chemical properties , 2010 .

[98]  S. Grafenauer,et al.  Cereal grains, legumes, and weight management: a comprehensive review of the scientific evidence. , 2008, Nutrition reviews.

[99]  S. Jebb,et al.  Who consumes whole grains, and how much? , 2003, Proceedings of the Nutrition Society.

[100]  Dejian Huang,et al.  The chemistry behind antioxidant capacity assays. , 2005, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[101]  J. Manson,et al.  Whole grain consumption and risk of ischemic stroke in women: A prospective study. , 2000, JAMA.

[102]  E. Rimm,et al.  Dietary Fiber, Glycemic Load, and Risk of NIDDM in Men , 1997, Diabetes Care.

[103]  John Ralph,et al.  Derivatization Followed by Reductive Cleavage (DFRC Method), a New Method for Lignin Analysis: Protocol for Analysis of DFRC Monomers , 1997 .

[104]  R. Madl,et al.  Antitumor Activity of Wheats With High Orthophenolic Content , 2003, Nutrition and cancer.

[105]  P. Facchini,et al.  Hydroxycinnamic acid amide metabolism: physiology and biochemistry , 2002 .

[106]  C. Rice-Evans,et al.  Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids. , 1996, Free radical biology & medicine.

[107]  J. Manson,et al.  Whole-grain consumption and risk of coronary heart disease: results from the Nurses' Health Study. , 1999, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[108]  K. Zhou,et al.  Antioxidant properties of Fusarium head blight-resistant and -susceptible soft red winter wheat grains grown in Virginia. , 2007, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[109]  A. Ceriello,et al.  Is oxidative stress the pathogenic mechanism underlying insulin resistance, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease? The common soil hypothesis revisited. , 2004, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

[110]  G. Williamson,et al.  Intestinal release and uptake of phenolic antioxidant diferulic acids. , 2001, Free radical biology & medicine.

[111]  J. Pérez‐Jiménez,et al.  Analysis of nonextractable phenolic compounds in foods: the current state of the art. , 2011, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[112]  I. Chung,et al.  Relationship between phenolic compounds, anthocyanins content and antioxidant activity in colored barley germplasm. , 2007, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[113]  Ronald D. Hatfield,et al.  Identification and synthesis of new ferulic acid dehydrodimers present in grass cell walls , 1994 .

[114]  S. Kallithraka,et al.  Metabolism of anthocyanins by human gut microflora and their influence on gut bacterial growth. , 2012, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[115]  Florence Richard-Forget,et al.  Natural phenolic acids from wheat bran inhibit Fusarium culmorum trichothecene biosynthesis in vitro by repressing Tri gene expression , 2010, European Journal of Plant Pathology.

[116]  J. Jones,et al.  Whole grains: benefits and challenges. , 2010, Annual review of food science and technology.

[117]  M. Bunzel,et al.  Separation and detection of cell wall-bound ferulic acid dehydrodimers and dehydrotrimers in cereals and other plant materials by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. , 2010, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[118]  J. Young,et al.  Anthocyanin composition in black, blue, pink, purple, and red cereal grains. , 2006, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[119]  A. Chesson,et al.  Anti-Inflammatory Implications of the Microbial Transformation of Dietary Phenolic Compounds , 2008, Nutrition and cancer.

[120]  M A SWANSON,et al.  Studies on the structure of polysaccharides; relation of the iodine color to the structure. , 1948, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[121]  P. Wilson,et al.  Carbohydrate nutrition, insulin resistance, and the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in the Framingham Offspring Cohort. , 2004, Diabetes care.

[122]  G. Williamson,et al.  Release of covalently bound ferulic acid from fiber in the human colon , 1997 .

[123]  D. Jacobs,et al.  Reduced mortality among whole grain bread eaters in men and women in the Norwegian County Study , 2001, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

[124]  T. Sellers,et al.  Carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and incident type 2 diabetes in older women. , 2000, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[125]  D. Jacobs,et al.  Whole grain intake is associated with lower body mass and greater insulin sensitivity among adolescents. , 2003, American journal of epidemiology.

[126]  M. Takasugi,et al.  Total Phenolic Content, Antioxidative, Anti-amylase, Anti-glucosidase, and Antihistamine Release Activities of Bangladeshi Fruits , 2008 .

[127]  A. Kozubek,et al.  Biological activity of phenolic lipids , 2010, Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences.

[128]  D. R. Sampson,et al.  Deoxynivalenol and Fusarium Head Blight Resistance in Spring Cereals , 1985 .

[129]  L. M. Seitz.  Identification of 5-(2-oxoalkyl)resorcinols and 5-(2-oxoalkenyl)resorcinols in wheat and rye grains , 1992 .

[130]  Jace D Everette,et al.  Thorough study of reactivity of various compound classes toward the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. , 2010, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[131]  Wan-Wan Lin,et al.  A cytokine-mediated link between innate immunity, inflammation, and cancer. , 2007, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[132]  M. Bunzel.  Chemistry and occurrence of hydroxycinnamate oligomers , 2010, Phytochemistry Reviews.

[133]  G. Pahlke,et al.  Oak ellagitannins suppress the phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor in human colon carcinoma cells. , 2008, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[134]  A. Folsom,et al.  Associations of whole-grain, refined-grain, and fruit and vegetable consumption with risks of all-cause mortality and incident coronary artery disease and ischemic stroke: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. , 2003, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[135]  T. Hofmann,et al.  Activity-guided identification of a chemopreventive compound in coffee beverage using in vitro and in vivo techniques. , 2003, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[136]  A. Kozubek,et al.  Alkylresorcinols in selected Polish rye and wheat cereals and whole-grain cereal products. , 2008, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[137]  Andreas Dunkel,et al.  Activity-guided identification of (S)-malic acid 1-O-D-glucopyranoside (morelid) and gamma-aminobutyric acid as contributors to umami taste and mouth-drying oral sensation of morel mushrooms (Morchella deliciosa Fr.). , 2005, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[138]  K. Zhou,et al.  Inhibitory effect of raspberries on starch digestive enzyme and their antioxidant properties and phenolic composition , 2010 .

[139]  Kaye Foster-Powell,et al.  International Tables of Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load Values: 2008 , 2008, Diabetes Care.

[140]  B. Halliwell,et al.  The gastrointestinal tract: A major site of antioxidant action? , 2000, Free radical research.

[141]  I. Benzie.  Evolution of antioxidant defence mechanisms , 2000, European journal of nutrition.

[142]  M. Deseo,et al.  Investigation of α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of wheat bran and germ , 2011 .

[143]  J. Ralph,et al.  Diferulates as structural components in soluble and insoluble cereal dietary fibre , 2001 .

[144]  H. Neukom,et al.  Ferulic Acid as a Component of a Glycoprotein from Wheat Flour , 1963, Nature.

[145]  R. Malvar,et al.  Role of Dehydrodiferulates in Maize Resistance to Pests and Diseases , 2010, International journal of molecular sciences.

[146]  T. Nicklas,et al.  Whole grain and fiber consumption are associated with lower body weight measures in US adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004. , 2010, Nutrition research.

[147]  P. Åman,et al.  Effects of environment and variety on alkylresorcinols in wheat in the HEALTHGRAIN diversity screen. , 2010, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[148]  H. Corke,et al.  Free radical scavenging properties and phenolic content of Chinese black-grained wheat. , 2005, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[149]  James W. Anderson,et al.  Whole Grain Foods and Heart Disease Risk , 2000, Journal of the American College of Nutrition.

[150]  W. Willett,et al.  Whole-grain intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a prospective study in men. , 2002, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[151]  J. Manson,et al.  Whole- and refined-grain intakes and the risk of hypertension in women. , 2007, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[152]  M. Birringer.  Hormetics: Dietary Triggers of an Adaptive Stress Response , 2011, Pharmaceutical Research.

[153]  F. Mattivi,et al.  Synergistic antioxidant effect of catechin and malvidin 3-glucoside on free radical-initiated peroxidation of linoleic acid in micelles. , 2002, Archives of biochemistry and biophysics.

[154]  P. Mitchell,et al.  Glycemic index, glycemic load, and chronic disease risk--a meta-analysis of observational studies. , 2008, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[155]  A. Tjønneland,et al.  Intake of wholegrain products and risk of colorectal cancers in the Diet, Cancer and Health cohort study , 2010, British Journal of Cancer.

[156]  A. Kozubek,et al.  Antioxidant activity of rye bran alkylresorcinols and extracts from whole-grain cereal products , 2009 .

[157]  G. L. Miller.  Use of Dinitrosalicylic Acid Reagent for Determination of Reducing Sugar , 1959 .

[158]  R. Hartley,et al.  Linkage of p-coumaroyl and feruloyl groups to cell-wall polysaccharides of barley straw , 1986 .

[159]  E. Niki,et al.  Interaction among vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta-carotene. , 1995, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[160]  Donna Spiegelman,et al.  Whole Grain, Bran, and Germ Intake and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study and Systematic Review , 2007, PLoS medicine.

[161]  J. Shaw,et al.  Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2010 and 2030. , 2010, Diabetes research and clinical practice.

[162]  R. Chibbar,et al.  Phenolic acid composition and antioxidant capacity of acid and alkali hydrolysed wheat bran fractions , 2009 .

[163]  E. Rock,et al.  Is the in vitro antioxidant potential of whole-grain cereals and cereal products well reflected in vivo? , 2008 .

[164]  J. Lachman,et al.  Tocols of selected spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum L.) and wild emmer (Triticum dicoccum Schuebl [Schrank]) varieties. , 2010 .

[165]  Beverley Balkau,et al.  High Blood Glucose Concentration Is a Risk Factor for Mortality in Middle-Aged Nondiabetic Men: 20-year follow-up in the Whitehall Study, the Paris Prospective Study, and the Helsinki Policemen Study , 1998, Diabetes Care.

[166]  J. H. Lee,et al.  Consumption of Whole Grain and Legume Powder Reduces Insulin Demand, Lipid Peroxidation, and Plasma Homocysteine Concentrations in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial , 2001, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

[167]  M. Thun,et al.  A prospective study of whole grains, fruits, vegetables and colon cancer risk , 2003, Cancer Causes & Control.

[168]  J. Young,et al.  Fractionation of blue wheat anthocyanin compounds and their contribution to antioxidant properties. , 2008, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[169]  A. Kozubek,et al.  Resorcinolic Lipids, the Natural Non-isoprenoid Phenolic Amphiphiles and Their Biological Activity. , 1999, Chemical reviews.

[170]  F. Hu,et al.  Primary prevention of diabetes: what can be done and how much can be prevented? , 2005, Annual review of public health.

[171]  P. Åman,et al.  Gas chromatographic analysis of alkylresorcinols in rye (Secale cereale L) grains , 2001 .

[172]  A. Folsom,et al.  Incidence of Colorectal Cancer in Relation to Glycemic Index and Load in a Cohort of Women , 2006, Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention.

[173]  N. Ponts,et al.  Cinnamic-derived acids significantly affect Fusarium graminearum growth and in vitro synthesis of type B trichothecenes. , 2011, Phytopathology.

[174]  E. Antignac,et al.  Safety of botanical ingredients in personal care products/cosmetics. , 2011, Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association.

[175]  T. Beta,et al.  Measurement of anthocyanins and other phytochemicals in purple wheat. , 2008, Food chemistry.

[176]  L. Yu,et al.  ESR determination of the reactions between selected phenolic acids and free radicals or transition metals , 2006 .

[177]  Dejian Huang,et al.  Assay-guided fractionation study of alpha-amylase inhibitors from Garcinia mangostana pericarp. , 2007, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[178]  J. Jones.  REVIEW: Regulatory Aspects of Whole Grain and Whole Grain Foods: Definitions and Labeling , 2010 .

[179]  V. Rasper,et al.  The ability of chlorine and chlorine-related oxidants to induce oxidative gelation in wheat flour pentosans , 1988 .

[180]  C. Gillott,et al.  Screening spring wheat for midge resistance in relation to ferulic acid content. , 2001, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[181]  S. Rohn,et al.  Inhibitory effects of plant phenols on the activity of selected enzymes. , 2002, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[182]  H. Neukom,et al.  Vernetzung von Phenolcarbonsäureestern von Polysacchariden durch oxydative phenolische Kupplung , 1971 .

[183]  N. Porter,et al.  Mechanisms of free radical oxidation of unsaturated lipids , 1995, Lipids.

[184]  A. Fardet.  New hypotheses for the health-protective mechanisms of whole-grain cereals: what is beyond fibre? , 2010, Nutrition Research Reviews.

[185]  N. Terahara,et al.  alpha-Glucosidase inhibitory action of natural acylated anthocyanins. 1. Survey of natural pigments with potent inhibitory activity. , 2001, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[186]  Veronica Dewanto,et al.  Thermal processing enhances the nutritional value of tomatoes by increasing total antioxidant activity. , 2002, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[187]  S. Ruggieri,et al.  Evaluation of antioxidant capacity of cereal brans. , 2004, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[188]  Peter Bigler,et al.  A gamma-glutamyl peptide isolated from onion (Allium cepa L.) by bioassay-guided fractionation inhibits resorption activity of osteoclasts. , 2005, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[189]  E. R. Sherwin.  Oxidation and antioxidants in fat and oil processing , 1978 .

[190]  N. Pellegrini,et al.  Phytochemical profile of main antioxidants in different fractions of purple and blue wheat, and black barley. , 2007, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[191]  W C Willett,et al.  A prospective study of dietary glycemic load, carbohydrate intake, and risk of coronary heart disease in US women. , 2000, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[192]  M. Bunzel,et al.  Antioxidant activity-guided fractionation of blue wheat (UC66049 Triticum aestivum L.). , 2012, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[193]  P. Åman,et al.  Alkylresorcinols in cereals and cereal products. , 2003, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[194]  G. Cooper,et al.  Colorectal cancer screening: update for 2011. , 2011, Seminars in oncology.

[195]  J. Manson,et al.  A prospective study of whole-grain intake and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in US women. , 2000, American journal of public health.

[196]  Abraham Nudelman,et al.  NMR Chemical Shifts of Common Laboratory Solvents as Trace Impurities. , 1997, The Journal of organic chemistry.

[197]  H. Sugiyama,et al.  13 C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of glucobioses, glucotrioses, and glucans , 1973 .

[198]  D. Appleton,et al.  Antioxidant and antiglycemic potential of Peltophorum pterocarpum plant parts , 2011 .

[199]  M. Grigorov,et al.  Flavonoids for controlling starch digestion: structural requirements for inhibiting human alpha-amylase. , 2008, Journal of medicinal chemistry.

[200]  T. Beta,et al.  Anthocyanin composition and oxygen radical scavenging capacity (ORAC) of milled and pearled purple, black, and common barley. , 2009, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[201]  F. Hu,et al.  Glycemic index, glycemic load, and cereal fiber intake and risk of type 2 diabetes in US black women. , 2007, Archives of internal medicine.

[202]  Sang-Woon Choi,et al.  Antioxidant and antimelanogenic activities of polyamine conjugates from corn bran and related hydroxycinnamic acids. , 2007, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[203]  M. Szklo,et al.  Whole grain intake and its cross-sectional association with obesity, insulin resistance, inflammation, diabetes and subclinical CVD: The MESA Study , 2007, British Journal of Nutrition.

[204]  P. Elwood,et al.  EFFECTS OF CHANGES IN FAT, FISH, AND FIBRE INTAKES ON DEATH AND MYOCARDIAL REINFARCTION: DIET AND REINFARCTION TRIAL (DART) , 1989, The Lancet.

[205]  P. Wilson,et al.  Whole-grain intake is favorably associated with metabolic risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in the Framingham Offspring Study. , 2002, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[206]  Mi-Yeon Kim,et al.  Alpha-glucosidase inhibitory and antihyperglycemic effects of polyphenols in the fruit of Viburnum dilatatum Thunb. , 2006, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[207]  J. Watkins,et al.  Diabetes, oxidative stress, and antioxidants: A review , 2003, Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology.

[208]  E. Topol,et al.  Use of antioxidant vitamins for the prevention of cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of randomised trials , 2003, The Lancet.

[209]  H. Koshino,et al.  Identification of 5-n-(2′-oxo)alkylresorcinols from etiolated rice seedlings , 1998 .

[210]  Joanne Slavin,et al.  Why whole grains are protective: biological mechanisms , 2003, Proceedings of the Nutrition Society.

[211]  A. Folsom,et al.  Whole-grain intake may reduce the risk of ischemic heart disease death in postmenopausal women: the Iowa Women's Health Study. , 1998, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[212]  B. Halliwell.  How to characterize a biological antioxidant. , 1990, Free radical research communications.

[213]  E. Rimm,et al.  Whole-Grain, Cereal Fiber, Bran, and Germ Intake and the Risks of All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease–Specific Mortality Among Women With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus , 2010, Circulation.

[214]  Jan A. Delcour,et al.  Principles of cereal science and technology , 1986 .

[215]  H. Schroeder,et al.  Factors affecting resistance of Wheat to scab caused by Gibberella zeae. , 1963 .

[216]  C. van Weel,et al.  Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors for patients with type 2 diabetes: results from a Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis. , 2005, Diabetes care.

[217]  T. Wolever,et al.  The glycemic index: methodology and clinical implications. , 1991, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[218]  G A Colditz,et al.  Dietary fiber, glycemic load, and risk of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in women. , 1997, JAMA.

[219]  P. Wood.  Relationships between solution properties of cereal β-glucans and physiological effects: a review , 2004 .

[220]  C. Rice-Evans,et al.  Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. , 1999, Free radical biology & medicine.

[221]  Paul Knekt,et al.  Whole-grain and fiber intake and the incidence of type 2 diabetes. , 2003, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[222]  Lei Liu,et al.  Wheat bran lipophilic compounds with in vitro anticancer effects , 2012 .

[223]  G. Hallmans,et al.  Cereal alkylresorcinols are absorbed by humans. , 2003, The Journal of nutrition.

[224]  P. Åman,et al.  Alkylresorcinols as antioxidants: hydrogen donation and peroxyl radical-scavenging effects , 2001 .

[225]  F. Hu,et al.  Whole-grain, bran, and cereal fiber intakes and markers of systemic inflammation in diabetic women. , 2006, Diabetes care.