Large scale toxicological evaluation of lead acetate in broiler chicken

Among heavy metals, lead is one of the very toxic pollutants of the environment. Its accumulating nature in the body makes it a great threat to public health particularly when humans consume lead intoxicated foods like chickens. The main purpose of the conducted research was to elucidate the bioaccumulation of lead in different organs of chickens and its toxicological effects on various organs and biochemical parameters. An experimental study on the effect of lead acetate toxicity in chicks was conducted by orally administration for consecutive thirty days. Thirty-chicks were categorized into A, B, C, D, E, and F groups with lead acetate dose rate 0, 71, 142, 213, and 284 mg/kg body weight, correspondingly. During the experiment, various biochemical parameters (uric acid, GPT, creatinine, ALP, LDH, ASAT, ALT, glutathione, superoxide dismutase) were measured employing commercially available kits. At the end of experimentation, and lead accumulation in liver, kidney and brain was estimated by absorption spectrophotometer. Some biochemical parameters like uric acid, GPT, creatinine, ALP, LDH, AST, and ALT were increased while the level of glutathione and superoxide dismutase, was found to be decreased after exposure to lead acetate. In present study, the pattern of metal accumulation in different organs directly related with concentration of metal. The order of metal accumulation in organs is; liver > kidney > brain. In the present study, supplementation of lead acetate has affected the exposed chicken. Mostly the blood profile and chemistry are perturbed. These effects might be due to the accumulation of lead in the brain, kidneys, and liver which may result in neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and hepatotoxicity. To refine such outcomes, further studies in the future are recommended.

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