Sub-nanosecond tryptophan radical deprotonation mediated by a protein-bound water cluster in class II DNA photolyases† †Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: For Fig. S1–S7 and Scheme S1. See DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03969g

Light activation of class II DNA photolyases is enhanced by a unique cluster of protein-bound water molecules.

[1]  L. Essen,et al.  Structural and evolutionary aspects of algal blue light receptors of the cryptochrome and aureochrome type. , 2017, Journal of plant physiology.

[2]  J. Yamamoto,et al.  Ultrafast flavin photoreduction in an oxidized animal (6-4) photolyase through an unconventional tryptophan tetrad. , 2017, Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP.

[3]  S. Iwai,et al.  Loss of Fourth Electron-Transferring Tryptophan in Animal (6-4) Photolyase Impairs DNA Repair Activity in Bacterial Cells. , 2017, Biochemistry.

[4]  Y. Wang,et al.  Residues at a Single Site Differentiate Animal Cryptochromes from Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimer Photolyases by Affecting the Proteins' Preferences for Reduced FAD , 2017, Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology.

[5]  G. Walker,et al.  Mechanisms of DNA damage, repair, and mutagenesis , 2017, Environmental and molecular mutagenesis.

[6]  A. Sancar.  Mechanisms of DNA Repair by Photolyase and Excision Nuclease (Nobel Lecture). , 2016, Angewandte Chemie.

[7]  Henrik Mouritsen,et al.  The Radical-Pair Mechanism of Magnetoreception. , 2016, Annual review of biophysics.

[8]  K. Brettel,et al.  Photochemistry of Wild-Type and N378D Mutant E. coli DNA Photolyase with Oxidized FAD Cofactor Studied by Transient Absorption Spectroscopy. , 2016, Chemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry.

[9]  L. Hammarström,et al.  Direct Evidence of a Tryptophan Analogue Radical Formed in a Concerted Electron-Proton Transfer Reaction in Water. , 2016, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[10]  S. Iwai,et al.  Discovery and functional analysis of a 4th electron-transferring tryptophan conserved exclusively in animal cryptochromes and (6-4) photolyases. , 2015, Chemical communications.

[11]  T. Ritz,et al.  ATP Binding Turns Plant Cryptochrome Into an Efficient Natural Photoswitch , 2014, Scientific Reports.

[12]  K. Gerwert,et al.  The role of protein-bound water molecules in microbial rhodopsins. , 2014, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[13]  A. Sancar,et al.  Determining complete electron flow in the cofactor photoreduction of oxidized photolyase , 2013, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[14]  A. Weigel,et al.  Primary events in the blue light sensor plant cryptochrome: intraprotein electron and proton transfer revealed by femtosecond spectroscopy. , 2012, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[15]  K. Brettel,et al.  [Ru(bpy)_3]^2+ as a reference in transient absorption spectroscopy: differential absorption coefficients for formation of the long-lived ^3MLCT excited state , 2012, Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology.

[16]  J. Tainer,et al.  Eukaryotic Class II Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimer Photolyase Structure Reveals Basis for Improved Ultraviolet Tolerance in Plants* , 2011, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[17]  T. Carell,et al.  Crystal structures of an archaeal class II DNA photolyase and its complex with UV‐damaged duplex DNA , 2011, The EMBO journal.

[18]  D. Higgins,et al.  Fast, scalable generation of high-quality protein multiple sequence alignments using Clustal Omega , 2011, Molecular systems biology.

[19]  M. Byrdin,et al.  Kinetics of cyclobutane thymine dimer splitting by DNA photolyase directly monitored in the UV , 2011, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[20]  T. Ritz,et al.  The cryptochromes: blue light photoreceptors in plants and animals. , 2011, Annual review of plant biology.

[21]  Margaret Ahmad,et al.  Light-activated Cryptochrome Reacts with Molecular Oxygen to Form a Flavin–Superoxide Radical Pair Consistent with Magnetoreception* , 2011, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[22]  B. Liu,et al.  Searching for a photocycle of the cryptochrome photoreceptors. , 2010, Current opinion in plant biology.

[23]  M. Byrdin,et al.  Quantum yield measurements of short-lived photoactivation intermediates in DNA photolyase: toward a detailed understanding of the triple tryptophan electron transfer chain. , 2010, The journal of physical chemistry. A.

[24]  M. Byrdin,et al.  Use of ruthenium dyes for subnanosecond detector fidelity testing in real time transient absorption. , 2009, The Review of scientific instruments.

[25]  B. Giese,et al.  Electron relay race in peptides. , 2009, The Journal of organic chemistry.

[26]  T. Carell,et al.  Recognition and repair of UV lesions in loop structures of duplex DNA by DASH-type cryptochrome , 2008, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[27]  M. Byrdin,et al.  Electron hopping through the 15 A triple tryptophan molecular wire in DNA photolyase occurs within 30 ps. , 2008, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[28]  Luyuan Zhang,et al.  Mapping hydration dynamics around a protein surface , 2007, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[29]  E. Wolf,et al.  A Novel Photoreaction Mechanism for the Circadian Blue Light Photoreceptor Drosophila Cryptochrome* , 2007, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[30]  A. Bacher,et al.  Light‐induced reactions of Escherichia coli DNA photolyase monitored by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy , 2005, The FEBS journal.

[31]  Martin Sjödin,et al.  Switching the redox mechanism: models for proton-coupled electron transfer from tyrosine and tryptophan. , 2005, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[32]  T. Carell,et al.  Crystal Structure of a Photolyase Bound to a CPD-Like DNA Lesion After in Situ Repair , 2004, Science.

[33]  I. Kavakli,et al.  Analysis of the role of intraprotein electron transfer in photoreactivation by DNA photolyase in vivo. , 2004, Biochemistry.

[34]  G. Crooks,et al.  WebLogo: a sequence logo generator. , 2004, Genome research.

[35]  M. Byrdin,et al.  Dissection of the triple tryptophan electron transfer chain in Escherichia coli DNA photolyase: Trp382 is the primary donor in photoactivation , 2003, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[36]  A. Eker,et al.  Intraprotein radical transfer during photoactivation of DNA photolyase , 2000, Nature.

[37]  K. Schulten,et al.  A model for photoreceptor-based magnetoreception in birds. , 2000, Biophysical journal.

[38]  T. Carell,et al.  Class II DNA photolyase from Arabidopsis thaliana contains FAD as a cofactor. , 1999, European journal of biochemistry.

[39]  A. Wand,et al.  De novo proteins as models of radical enzymes. , 1999, Biochemistry.

[40]  T. Todo,et al.  Binding and Catalytic Properties of Xenopus (6-4) Photolyase* , 1997, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[41]  A. Yasui,et al.  A new class of DNA photolyases present in various organisms including aplacental mammals. , 1994, The EMBO journal.

[42]  D. Armstrong,et al.  Oxidation of tryptophan and N-methylindole by N3.cntdot., Br2.-, and (SCN)2.- radicals in light- and heavy-water solutions: a pulse radiolysis study , 1991 .

[43]  A. Sancar,et al.  Excited-state properties of Escherichia coli DNA photolyase in the picosecond to millisecond time scale. , 1990, Biochemistry.

[44]  L. Grossweiner,et al.  Photolysis mechanism of aqueous tryptophan , 1977 .

[45]  J. Spinks,et al.  Introduction to Radiation Chemistry , 1964 .

[46]  L. Essen,et al.  Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotides Arrest Photoreduction of Class II DNA Photolyases in FADH˙ State , 2018, Photochemistry and photobiology.

[47]  Y. Nikolsky,et al.  Protein networks and pathway analysis. Preface. , 2009, Methods in molecular biology.

[48]  P. Macheroux,et al.  UV-visible spectroscopy as a tool to study flavoproteins. , 1999, Methods in molecular biology.