Bridging barriers: a comparative look at the blood–brain barrier across organisms

This review by O'Brown et al. discusses the cellular nature of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and the conservation and variation of BBB function across taxa. It compares the BBB across organisms in order to provide insight into the human BBB both under normal physiological conditions and in neurological diseases.

[1]  Berislav V. Zlokovic,et al.  Blood–brain barrier breakdown in Alzheimer disease and other neurodegenerative disorders , 2018, Nature Reviews Neurology.

[2]  T. Cutforth,et al.  The Wnt Inhibitor Apcdd1 Coordinates Vascular Remodeling and Barrier Maturation of Retinal Blood Vessels , 2017, Neuron.

[3]  B. Zlokovic,et al.  Alzheimer’s disease: A matter of blood–brain barrier dysfunction? , 2017, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[4]  Michael J. Keiser,et al.  Evolutionarily Conserved Roles for Blood-Brain Barrier Xenobiotic Transporters in Endogenous Steroid Partitioning and Behavior. , 2017, Cell reports.

[5]  C. Iadecola.  The Neurovascular Unit Coming of Age: A Journey through Neurovascular Coupling in Health and Disease , 2017, Neuron.

[6]  J. Nathans,et al.  Reck and Gpr124 Are Essential Receptor Cofactors for Wnt7a/Wnt7b-Specific Signaling in Mammalian CNS Angiogenesis and Blood-Brain Barrier Regulation , 2017, Neuron.

[7]  H. Augustin,et al.  Organotypic vasculature: From descriptive heterogeneity to functional pathophysiology , 2017, Science.

[8]  Sean P. Palecek,et al.  Modeling Psychomotor Retardation using iPSCs from MCT8-Deficient Patients Indicates a Prominent Role for the Blood-Brain Barrier. , 2017, Cell stem cell.

[9]  M. Potente,et al.  Vascular heterogeneity and specialization in development and disease , 2017, Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology.

[10]  Axel Montagne,et al.  Cerebral blood flow regulation and neurovascular dysfunction in Alzheimer disease , 2017, Nature Reviews Neuroscience.

[11]  H. Augustin,et al.  Plastic roles of pericytes in the blood–retinal barrier , 2017, Nature Communications.

[12]  Michael R. Taylor,et al.  CNS angiogenesis and barriergenesis occur simultaneously. , 2017, Developmental biology.

[13]  D. Ginty,et al.  Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability Is Regulated by Lipid Transport-Dependent Suppression of Caveolae-Mediated Transcytosis , 2017, Neuron.

[14]  C. Wells,et al.  Mural lymphatic endothelial cells regulate meningeal angiogenesis in the zebrafish , 2017, Nature Neuroscience.

[15]  David E. Housman,et al.  Huntington’s Disease iPSC-Derived Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells Reveal WNT-Mediated Angiogenic and Blood-Brain Barrier Deficits , 2017, Cell reports.

[16]  Amber N. Stratman,et al.  A novel perivascular cell population in the zebrafish brain , 2017, eLife.

[17]  Chenghua Gu,et al.  Gradual Suppression of Transcytosis Governs Functional Blood-Retinal Barrier Formation , 2017, Neuron.

[18]  L. Collin,et al.  Region-specific permeability of the blood–brain barrier upon pericyte loss , 2017, Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism.

[19]  Walter H Backes,et al.  Blood-Brain Barrier Leakage in Patients with Early Alzheimer Disease. , 2017, Radiology.

[20]  D. Boas,et al.  Pericyte degeneration leads to neurovascular uncoupling and limits oxygen supply to brain , 2017, Nature Neuroscience.

[21]  Liqun He,et al.  Analysis of the brain mural cell transcriptome , 2016, Scientific Reports.

[22]  Walter H. Backes,et al.  Neurovascular unit impairment in early Alzheimer's disease measured with magnetic resonance imaging , 2016, Neurobiology of Aging.

[23]  J. Mauer,et al.  Myeloid-Cell-Derived VEGF Maintains Brain Glucose Uptake and Limits Cognitive Impairment in Obesity , 2016, Cell.

[24]  B. Zlokovic,et al.  Pericytes of the neurovascular unit: key functions and signaling pathways , 2016, Nature Neuroscience.

[25]  J. Mauer,et al.  Myeloid-Cell-Derived VEGF Maintains Brain Glucose Uptake and Limits Cognitive Impairment in Obesity , 2016, Cell.

[26]  R. Kelsh,et al.  Clarification of mural cell coverage of vascular endothelial cells by live imaging of zebrafish , 2016, Development.

[27]  F. C. Bennett,et al.  New tools for studying microglia in the mouse and human CNS , 2016, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[28]  Herbert A. Reitsamer,et al.  Brain and Retinal Pericytes: Origin, Function and Role , 2016, Front. Cell. Neurosci..

[29]  Takahiro Takano,et al.  Purinergic receptor P2RY12-dependent microglial closure of the injured blood–brain barrier , 2016, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[30]  Takahiro Takanoa,et al.  Purinergic receptor P 2 RY 12-dependent microglial closure of the injured blood – brain barrier , 2016 .

[31]  F. Zipp,et al.  Microglia–blood vessel interactions: a double-edged sword in brain pathologies , 2016, Acta Neuropathologica.

[32]  Zhen Zhao,et al.  Establishment and Dysfunction of the Blood-Brain Barrier , 2015, Cell.

[33]  N. Saunders,et al.  Markers for blood-brain barrier integrity: how appropriate is Evans blue in the twenty-first century and what are the alternatives? , 2015, Front. Neurosci..

[34]  J. Sarkaria,et al.  Efficacy of PARP Inhibitor Rucaparib in Orthotopic Glioblastoma Xenografts Is Limited by Ineffective Drug Penetration into the Central Nervous System , 2015, Molecular Cancer Therapeutics.

[35]  Chenghua Gu,et al.  The Molecular Constituents of the Blood–Brain Barrier , 2015, Trends in Neurosciences.

[36]  Jette L. Frederiksen,et al.  Permeability of the blood–brain barrier predicts conversion from optic neuritis to multiple sclerosis , 2015, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[37]  Baptiste Lacoste,et al.  Neuronal and vascular interactions. , 2015, Annual review of neuroscience.

[38]  F. Pontén,et al.  Foxf2 Is Required for Brain Pericyte Differentiation and Development and Maintenance of the Blood-Brain Barrier. , 2015, Developmental cell.

[39]  Yoon Kyung Choi,et al.  Potential interactions between pericytes and oligodendrocyte precursor cells in perivascular regions of cerebral white matter , 2015, Neuroscience Letters.

[40]  S. Quake,et al.  A survey of human brain transcriptome diversity at the single cell level , 2015, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[41]  T. Maniatis,et al.  Astrocytes in neurodegenerative disease. , 2015, Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology.

[42]  Jesse D. Sengillo,et al.  GLUT1 reductions exacerbate Alzheimer's disease vasculo-neuronal dysfunction and degeneration , 2015, Nature Neuroscience.

[43]  Christina Lin,et al.  LSR/angulin-1 is a tricellular tight junction protein involved in blood–brain barrier formation , 2015, The Journal of cell biology.

[44]  S. Linnarsson,et al.  Cell types in the mouse cortex and hippocampus revealed by single-cell RNA-seq , 2015, Science.

[45]  D. Kaufer,et al.  Blood-brain barrier in health and disease. , 2015, Seminars in cell & developmental biology.

[46]  Arthur W. Toga,et al.  Blood-Brain Barrier Breakdown in the Aging Human Hippocampus , 2015, Neuron.

[47]  Timothy Q. Duong,et al.  A Quantitative MRI Method for Imaging Blood-Brain Barrier Leakage in Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury , 2014, PloS one.

[48]  F. Walter,et al.  Role of the blood-brain barrier in the nutrition of the central nervous system. , 2014, Archives of medical research.

[49]  M. Esiri,et al.  Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease (Arteriolosclerosis) in Brains of Older People , 2014, Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology.

[50]  C. Klämbt,et al.  The Drosophila blood-brain barrier: development and function of a glial endothelium , 2014, Front. Neurosci..

[51]  T. Maniatis,et al.  An RNA-Sequencing Transcriptome and Splicing Database of Glia, Neurons, and Vascular Cells of the Cerebral Cortex , 2014, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[52]  K. Arai,et al.  Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells Support Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity via TGF-β Signaling , 2014, PloS one.

[53]  Yoav Mayshar,et al.  Mfsd2a is critical for the formation and function of the blood–brain barrier , 2014, Nature.

[54]  P. Wong,et al.  Mfsd2a is a transporter for the essential omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid , 2014, Nature.

[55]  A. Nimmerjahn,et al.  Stepwise Recruitment of Transcellular and Paracellular Pathways Underlies Blood-Brain Barrier Breakdown in Stroke , 2014, Neuron.

[56]  Sean P. Palecek,et al.  A retinoic acid-enhanced, multicellular human blood-brain barrier model derived from stem cell sources , 2014, Scientific Reports.

[57]  C. Moens,et al.  Notch3 establishes brain vascular integrity by regulating pericyte number , 2014, Development.

[58]  R. Ransohoff,et al.  Development, maintenance and disruption of the blood-brain barrier , 2013, Nature Medicine.

[59]  A. Fleming,et al.  Functional Characterisation of the Maturation of the Blood-Brain Barrier in Larval Zebrafish , 2013, PloS one.

[60]  Isaiah Norton,et al.  Molecular imaging of drug transit through the blood-brain barrier with MALDI mass spectrometry imaging , 2013, Scientific Reports.

[61]  T. Terasaki,et al.  Quantitative atlas of blood-brain barrier transporters, receptors, and tight junction proteins in rats and common marmoset. , 2013, Journal of pharmaceutical sciences.

[62]  M. Lizak,et al.  MRI confirms loss of blood–brain barrier integrity in a mouse model of disseminated candidiasis , 2013, NMR in biomedicine.

[63]  E. Huang,et al.  Foxc1 is required by pericytes during fetal brain angiogenesis , 2013, Biology Open.

[64]  O. Devinsky,et al.  Neuroinflammation and psychiatric illness , 2013, Journal of Neuroinflammation.

[65]  J. Nathans,et al.  Norrin/Frizzled4 Signaling in Retinal Vascular Development and Blood Brain Barrier Plasticity , 2012, Cell.

[66]  Y. Saga,et al.  Penetration and differentiation of cephalic neural crest‐derived cells in the developing mouse telencephalon , 2012, Development, growth & differentiation.

[67]  Jeremy Seto,et al.  Astrocyte-derived VEGF-A drives blood-brain barrier disruption in CNS inflammatory disease. , 2012, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[68]  A. Friedman,et al.  Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit: Disease Cause or Consequence? , 2012, Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism.

[69]  Berislav V. Zlokovic,et al.  Apolipoprotein E controls cerebrovascular integrity via cyclophilin A , 2012, Nature.

[70]  N. Šestan,et al.  Transcriptional co-regulation of neuronal migration and laminar identity in the neocortex , 2012, Development.

[71]  J. Pollard,et al.  A Lineage of Myeloid Cells Independent of Myb and Hematopoietic Stem Cells , 2012, Science.

[72]  Maximilian Reiser,et al.  Quantification of Perfusion and Permeability in Multiple Sclerosis: Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI in 3D at 3T , 2012, Investigative radiology.

[73]  Norman R. Saunders,et al.  Barrier Mechanisms in the Developing Brain , 2012, Front. Pharmacol..

[74]  A. Alonso,et al.  Use of different morphological techniques to analyze the cellular composition of the adult zebrafish optic tectum , 2012, Microscopy research and technique.

[75]  J. Koke,et al.  Activating transcription factor 3 and reactive astrocytes following optic nerve injury in zebrafish. , 2012, Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology : CBP.

[76]  Joshua S Kaminker,et al.  Death receptors DR6 and TROY regulate brain vascular development. , 2012, Developmental cell.

[77]  T. Orr-Weaver,et al.  Polyploidization of glia in neural development links tissue growth to blood-brain barrier integrity. , 2012, Genes & development.

[78]  F. Charron,et al.  The Hedgehog Pathway Promotes Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity and CNS Immune Quiescence , 2011, Science.

[79]  B. Zlokovic,et al.  Central nervous system pericytes in health and disease , 2011, Nature Neuroscience.

[80]  C. Betsholtz,et al.  Pericytes: developmental, physiological, and pathological perspectives, problems, and promises. , 2011, Developmental cell.

[81]  A. Kriegstein,et al.  Development and Evolution of the Human Neocortex , 2011, Cell.

[82]  Daniel S Reich,et al.  Evolution of the blood–brain barrier in newly forming multiple sclerosis lesions , 2011, Annals of neurology.

[83]  Saeid Taheri,et al.  Quantitative measurement of blood‐brain barrier permeability in human using dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI with fast T1 mapping , 2011, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[84]  Takashi Suzuki,et al.  Quantitative targeted absolute proteomics of human blood–brain barrier transporters and receptors , 2011, Journal of neurochemistry.

[85]  W. Pu,et al.  Septum transversum‐derived mesothelium gives rise to hepatic stellate cells and perivascular mesenchymal cells in developing mouse liver , 2011, Hepatology.

[86]  D. Stewart,et al.  Review: Molecular pathogenesis of blood–brain barrier breakdown in acute brain injury , 2011, Neuropathology and applied neurobiology.

[87]  C. Betsholtz,et al.  A Two-Way Communication between Microglial Cells and Angiogenic Sprouts Regulates Angiogenesis in Aortic Ring Cultures , 2011, PloS one.

[88]  M. Nedergaard,et al.  Functions of astrocytes and their potential as therapeutic targets , 2010, Neurotherapeutics.

[89]  Bengt R. Johansson,et al.  Pericytes regulate the blood–brain barrier , 2010, Nature.

[90]  B. Barres,et al.  Pericytes are required for blood–brain barrier integrity during embryogenesis , 2010, Nature.

[91]  F. Ginhoux,et al.  Fate Mapping Analysis Reveals That Adult Microglia Derive from Primitive Macrophages , 2010, Science.

[92]  Berislav V. Zlokovic,et al.  Pericytes Control Key Neurovascular Functions and Neuronal Phenotype in the Adult Brain and during Brain Aging , 2010, Neuron.

[93]  H. Wolburg,et al.  Astroglial structures in the zebrafish brain , 2010, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[94]  B. Barres,et al.  The Mouse Blood-Brain Barrier Transcriptome: A New Resource for Understanding the Development and Function of Brain Endothelial Cells , 2010, PloS one.

[95]  Christiana Ruhrberg,et al.  Tissue macrophages act as cellular chaperones for vascular anastomosis downstream of VEGF-mediated endothelial tip cell induction. , 2010, Blood.

[96]  Masahiko Sugimoto,et al.  A novel transgenic zebrafish model for blood-brain and blood-retinal barrier development , 2010, BMC Developmental Biology.

[97]  P. Carvey,et al.  The blood–brain barrier in neurodegenerative disease: a rhetorical perspective , 2009, Journal of neurochemistry.

[98]  F. Braet,et al.  Glomerular endothelial cell fenestrations: an integral component of the glomerular filtration barrier , 2009, American journal of physiology. Renal physiology.

[99]  J. Ryu,et al.  A leaky blood–brain barrier, fibrinogen infiltration and microglial reactivity in inflamed Alzheimer’s disease brain , 2008, Journal of cellular and molecular medicine.

[100]  A. Butler.  Evolution of Vertebrate Brains , 2009 .

[101]  B. Hogan,et al.  Mesothelium contributes to vascular smooth muscle and mesenchyme during lung development , 2008, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[102]  M. Bundgaard,et al.  All vertebrates started out with a glial blood‐brain barrier 4–500 million years ago , 2008, Glia.

[103]  Kyu-Won Kim,et al.  Functional and developmental analysis of the blood–brain barrier in zebrafish , 2008, Brain Research Bulletin.

[104]  C. Klämbt,et al.  Organization and Function of the Blood–Brain Barrier in Drosophila , 2008, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[105]  H. Lassmann,et al.  The fibrin-derived γ377-395 peptide inhibits microglia activation and suppresses relapsing paralysis in central nervous system autoimmune disease , 2007, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[106]  S. Goldman,et al.  Astrocytic complexity distinguishes the human brain , 2006, Trends in Neurosciences.

[107]  Minoru Takemoto,et al.  Microarray analysis of blood microvessels from PDGF‐B and PDGF‐Rβ mutant mice identifies novel markers for brain pericytes , 2006, FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.

[108]  H. Stolp,et al.  Functional effectiveness of the blood‐brain barrier to small water‐soluble molecules in developing and adult opossum (Monodelphis domestica) , 2006, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[109]  E. Hansson,et al.  Astrocyte–endothelial interactions at the blood–brain barrier , 2006, Nature Reviews Neuroscience.

[110]  J. Burch,et al.  The serosal mesothelium is a major source of smooth muscle cells of the gut vasculature , 2005, Development.

[111]  U. Gaul,et al.  moody Encodes Two GPCRs that Regulate Cocaine Behaviors and Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability in Drosophila , 2005, Cell.

[112]  R. Fetter,et al.  GPCR Signaling Is Required for Blood-Brain Barrier Formation in Drosophila , 2005, Cell.

[113]  T. Davis,et al.  The Blood-Brain Barrier/Neurovascular Unit in Health and Disease , 2005, Pharmacological Reviews.

[114]  I. Blasig,et al.  In Search of the Astrocytic Factor(s) Modulating Blood–Brain Barrier Functions in Brain Capillary Endothelial Cells In Vitro , 2005, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology.

[115]  N. Abbott.  Dynamics of CNS Barriers: Evolution, Differentiation, and Modulation , 2005, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology.

[116]  R. Shivers,et al.  Structural pathways for macromolecular and cellular transport across the blood-brain barrier during inflammatory conditions. Review. , 2004, Histology and histopathology.

[117]  Y. Olsson,et al.  Blood-brain barrier to albumin in embryonic new born and adult rats , 1968, Acta Neuropathologica.

[118]  S. Tsukita,et al.  Size-selective loosening of the blood-brain barrier in claudin-5–deficient mice , 2003, The Journal of cell biology.

[119]  H. Kurz,et al.  Neuroectodermal origin of brain pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells , 2002, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[120]  B. Thisse,et al.  Zebrafish early macrophages colonize cephalic mesenchyme and developing brain, retina, and epidermis through a M-CSF receptor-dependent invasive process. , 2001, Developmental biology.

[121]  H. Etchevers,et al.  The cephalic neural crest provides pericytes and smooth muscle cells to all blood vessels of the face and forebrain. , 2001, Development.

[122]  B. Thisse,et al.  Ontogeny and behaviour of early macrophages in the zebrafish embryo. , 1999, Development.

[123]  White,et al.  Evidence of blood–brain barrier dysfunction in human cerebral malaria , 1999, Neuropathology and applied neurobiology.

[124]  R. Shivers,et al.  Ultrastructure of the blood-brain barrier in the rabbit. , 1999, Journal of submicroscopic cytology and pathology.

[125]  A. Schier,et al.  Early development of the zebrafish pronephros and analysis of mutations affecting pronephric function. , 1998, Development.

[126]  M. DeRuiter,et al.  Neural crest cell contribution to the developing circulatory system: implications for vascular morphology? , 1998, Circulation research.

[127]  S Gordon,et al.  Involvement of specific macrophage-lineage cells surrounding arterioles in barrier and scavenger function in brain cortex. , 1996, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[128]  S. D. Carlson,et al.  Fine structure and blood‐brain barrier properties of the central nervous system of a dipteran larva , 1992, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[129]  H. Lassmann,et al.  Expression of leucocyte adhesion molecules at the human blood‐brain barrier (BBB) , 1992, Journal of neuroscience research.

[130]  D. Dickson,et al.  Localization of morphologically distinct microglial populations in the developing human fetal brain: implications for ontogeny. , 1990, Brain research. Developmental brain research.

[131]  M. Graeber,et al.  Identity of ED2‐positive perivascular cells in rat brain , 1989, Journal of neuroscience research.

[132]  K. Dziegielewska,et al.  Blood‐brain, blood‐cerebrospinal fluid and cerebrospinal fluid‐brain barriers in a marsupial (Macropus eugenii) during development. , 1988, The Journal of physiology.

[133]  W. Hickey,et al.  Perivascular microglial cells of the CNS are bone marrow-derived and present antigen in vivo. , 1988, Science.

[134]  R. Merchant,et al.  Blood-brain barrier dysfunction in cats following recombinant interleukin-2 infusion. , 1987, Cancer research.

[135]  H. Vinters,et al.  A quantitative analysis of blood-brain barrier ultrastructure in the aging human. , 1987, Microvascular research.

[136]  R. Janzer,et al.  Astrocytes induce blood–brain barrier properties in endothelial cells , 1987, Nature.

[137]  M. Bundgaard,et al.  A glial blood-brain barrier in elasmobranchs , 1981, Brain Research.

[138]  M. Wiley,et al.  Structural and histochemical features of the avian blood‐brain barrier , 1981, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[139]  M. Wiley,et al.  Developing nervous tissue induces formation of blood-brain barrier characteristics in invading endothelial cells: a study using quail--chick transplantation chimeras. , 1981, Developmental biology.

[140]  M. Mato,et al.  Studies on fluorescent granular perithelium (F.G.P.) of rat cerebral cortex - especially referring to morphological changes in aging. , 1981, Anatomischer Anzeiger.

[141]  H. J. Gamble,et al.  Light and electron microscopic observations on the development of the blood vascular system of the human brain. , 1979, Journal of anatomy.

[142]  R. Bryan,et al.  Effects of contrast agents on the blood-brain barrier. An electron microscopic study. , 1975, Radiology.

[143]  D. Bigner,et al.  Microvascular abnormalities in virally-induced canine brain tumors. Structural bases for altered blood-brain barrier function. , 1972, Journal of the neurological sciences.

[144]  D. Long.  Capillary ultrastructure and the blood-brain barrier in human malignant brain tumors. , 1970, Journal of neurosurgery.

[145]  T. Reese,et al.  JUNCTIONS BETWEEN INTIMATELY APPOSED CELL MEMBRANES IN THE VERTEBRATE BRAIN , 1969, The Journal of cell biology.

[146]  M. Karnovsky,et al.  THE ULTRASTRUCTURAL BASIS OF ALVEOLAR-CAPILLARY MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY TO PEROXIDASE USED AS A TRACER , 1968, The Journal of cell biology.

[147]  M. Brightman,et al.  A blood-brain barrier to peroxidase in capillaries surrounded by perivascular spaces. , 1968, The American journal of anatomy.

[148]  M. Karnovsky,et al.  THE ULTRASTRUCTURAL BASIS OF CAPILLARY PERMEABILITY STUDIED WITH PEROXIDASE AS A TRACER , 1967, The Journal of cell biology.

[149]  Thomas S. Reese,et al.  FINE STRUCTURAL LOCALIZATION OF A BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER TO EXOGENOUS PEROXIDASE , 1967, The Journal of cell biology.

[150]  E. Yamada.  THE FINE STRUCTURE OF THE GALL BLADDER EPITHELIUM OF THE MOUSE , 1955, The Journal of biophysical and biochemical cytology.

[151]  O. Grontoft.  Intracranial haemorrhage and blood-brain barrier problems in the new-born; a pathologico-anatomical and experimental investigation. , 1954, Acta pathologica et microbiologica Scandinavica. Supplementum.

[152]  E. Goldmann.  Vitalfärbung am Zentralnervensystem : Beitrag zur Physio-Pathologie des Plexux Chorioideus und der Hirnhäute , 1913 .